Magnetohydrodynamic Blood-Carbon Nanotube Flow and Heat Transfer Control via Carbon Nanotube Geometry and Nanofluid Properties for Hyperthermia Treatment

Hyperthermia is a promising medical treatment that uses controlled heat to target and destroy cancer cells while minimizing damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. Unlike conventional methods, it offers reduced risks of infection and shorter recovery periods. This study focuses on the integration...

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Main Authors: Nickolas D. Polychronopoulos, Evangelos Karvelas, Lefteris Benos, Thanasis D. Papathanasiou, Ioannis Sarris
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Computation
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/3/62
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author Nickolas D. Polychronopoulos
Evangelos Karvelas
Lefteris Benos
Thanasis D. Papathanasiou
Ioannis Sarris
author_facet Nickolas D. Polychronopoulos
Evangelos Karvelas
Lefteris Benos
Thanasis D. Papathanasiou
Ioannis Sarris
author_sort Nickolas D. Polychronopoulos
collection DOAJ
description Hyperthermia is a promising medical treatment that uses controlled heat to target and destroy cancer cells while minimizing damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. Unlike conventional methods, it offers reduced risks of infection and shorter recovery periods. This study focuses on the integration of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within the blood to enable precise heat transfer to tumors. The central idea is that by adjusting the concentration, shape, and size of CNTs, as well as the strength of an external magnetic field, heat transfer can be controlled for targeted treatment. A theoretical model is developed to analyze laminar natural convection within a simplified rectangular porous enclosure resembling a tumor, considering the composition of blood, and the geometric characteristics of CNTs, including the interfacial nanolayer thickness. Using an asymptotic expansion method, ordinary differential equations for mass, momentum, and energy balances are derived and solved. Results show that increasing CNT concentration decelerates fluid flow and reduces heat transfer efficiency, while elongated CNTs and thicker nanolayers enhance conduction over convection, to the detriment of heat transfer. Finally, increased tissue permeability—characteristic of cancerous tumors—significantly impacts heat transfer. In conclusion, although the model simplifies real tumor geometries and treatment conditions, it provides valuable theoretical insights into hyperthermia and nanofluid applications for cancer therapy.
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spelling doaj-art-d0352edca0df4f739abf7611308d30aa2025-08-20T03:43:33ZengMDPI AGComputation2079-31972025-03-011336210.3390/computation13030062Magnetohydrodynamic Blood-Carbon Nanotube Flow and Heat Transfer Control via Carbon Nanotube Geometry and Nanofluid Properties for Hyperthermia TreatmentNickolas D. Polychronopoulos0Evangelos Karvelas1Lefteris Benos2Thanasis D. Papathanasiou3Ioannis Sarris4Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of West Attica, Egaleo, 12241 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of West Attica, Egaleo, 12243 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology (IBO), Centre of Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Thessaly, 38334 Volos, GreeceDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of West Attica, Egaleo, 12241 Athens, GreeceHyperthermia is a promising medical treatment that uses controlled heat to target and destroy cancer cells while minimizing damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. Unlike conventional methods, it offers reduced risks of infection and shorter recovery periods. This study focuses on the integration of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within the blood to enable precise heat transfer to tumors. The central idea is that by adjusting the concentration, shape, and size of CNTs, as well as the strength of an external magnetic field, heat transfer can be controlled for targeted treatment. A theoretical model is developed to analyze laminar natural convection within a simplified rectangular porous enclosure resembling a tumor, considering the composition of blood, and the geometric characteristics of CNTs, including the interfacial nanolayer thickness. Using an asymptotic expansion method, ordinary differential equations for mass, momentum, and energy balances are derived and solved. Results show that increasing CNT concentration decelerates fluid flow and reduces heat transfer efficiency, while elongated CNTs and thicker nanolayers enhance conduction over convection, to the detriment of heat transfer. Finally, increased tissue permeability—characteristic of cancerous tumors—significantly impacts heat transfer. In conclusion, although the model simplifies real tumor geometries and treatment conditions, it provides valuable theoretical insights into hyperthermia and nanofluid applications for cancer therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/3/62targeted cancer therapyporous tumornatural convectionmagnetohydrodynamic effectblood-CNT thermal conductivityasymptotic solutions
spellingShingle Nickolas D. Polychronopoulos
Evangelos Karvelas
Lefteris Benos
Thanasis D. Papathanasiou
Ioannis Sarris
Magnetohydrodynamic Blood-Carbon Nanotube Flow and Heat Transfer Control via Carbon Nanotube Geometry and Nanofluid Properties for Hyperthermia Treatment
Computation
targeted cancer therapy
porous tumor
natural convection
magnetohydrodynamic effect
blood-CNT thermal conductivity
asymptotic solutions
title Magnetohydrodynamic Blood-Carbon Nanotube Flow and Heat Transfer Control via Carbon Nanotube Geometry and Nanofluid Properties for Hyperthermia Treatment
title_full Magnetohydrodynamic Blood-Carbon Nanotube Flow and Heat Transfer Control via Carbon Nanotube Geometry and Nanofluid Properties for Hyperthermia Treatment
title_fullStr Magnetohydrodynamic Blood-Carbon Nanotube Flow and Heat Transfer Control via Carbon Nanotube Geometry and Nanofluid Properties for Hyperthermia Treatment
title_full_unstemmed Magnetohydrodynamic Blood-Carbon Nanotube Flow and Heat Transfer Control via Carbon Nanotube Geometry and Nanofluid Properties for Hyperthermia Treatment
title_short Magnetohydrodynamic Blood-Carbon Nanotube Flow and Heat Transfer Control via Carbon Nanotube Geometry and Nanofluid Properties for Hyperthermia Treatment
title_sort magnetohydrodynamic blood carbon nanotube flow and heat transfer control via carbon nanotube geometry and nanofluid properties for hyperthermia treatment
topic targeted cancer therapy
porous tumor
natural convection
magnetohydrodynamic effect
blood-CNT thermal conductivity
asymptotic solutions
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/3/62
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