Research on Energy-Saving Control Strategy of Nonlinear Thermal Management System for Electric Tractor Power Battery Under Plowing Conditions
To address the issue of over-regulation of the temperature of a liquid-cooled power battery thermal management system under the plowing condition of electric tractors, which leads to high energy consumption, a nonlinear model prediction control (NMPC) algorithm for the thermal management system of t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | World Electric Vehicle Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/5/249 |
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| author | Xiaoshuang Guo Ruiliang Xu Junjiang Zhang Xianghai Yan Mengnan Liu Mingyue Shi |
| author_facet | Xiaoshuang Guo Ruiliang Xu Junjiang Zhang Xianghai Yan Mengnan Liu Mingyue Shi |
| author_sort | Xiaoshuang Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To address the issue of over-regulation of the temperature of a liquid-cooled power battery thermal management system under the plowing condition of electric tractors, which leads to high energy consumption, a nonlinear model prediction control (NMPC) algorithm for the thermal management system of the power battery of electric tractors applicable to the plowing condition is proposed. Firstly, a control-oriented electric tractor power battery heat production model and a heat transfer model were established based on the tractor operating conditions and Bernardi’s theory of battery heat production. Secondly, in order to improve the accuracy of temperature prediction, a prediction method of future working condition information based on the moving average theory is proposed. Finally, a nonlinear model predictive control cooling optimization strategy is proposed, with the optimization objectives of quickly achieving battery temperature regulation and reducing compressor energy consumption. The proposed control strategy is validated by simulation and a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testbed. The results show that the proposed NMPC strategy can control the battery temperature better, that in the holding phase the proposed control strategy reduces the compressor speed variation range by 24.6% compared with PID, and that it reduces the compressor energy consumption by 23.1% in the whole temperature control phase. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d01f3e81206f466eafa483032a876fef |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2032-6653 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | World Electric Vehicle Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-d01f3e81206f466eafa483032a876fef2025-08-20T02:33:59ZengMDPI AGWorld Electric Vehicle Journal2032-66532025-04-0116524910.3390/wevj16050249Research on Energy-Saving Control Strategy of Nonlinear Thermal Management System for Electric Tractor Power Battery Under Plowing ConditionsXiaoshuang Guo0Ruiliang Xu1Junjiang Zhang2Xianghai Yan3Mengnan Liu4Mingyue Shi5Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, ChinaVehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, ChinaVehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, ChinaVehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, ChinaYTO Group Corporation, Luoyang 471004, ChinaVehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, ChinaTo address the issue of over-regulation of the temperature of a liquid-cooled power battery thermal management system under the plowing condition of electric tractors, which leads to high energy consumption, a nonlinear model prediction control (NMPC) algorithm for the thermal management system of the power battery of electric tractors applicable to the plowing condition is proposed. Firstly, a control-oriented electric tractor power battery heat production model and a heat transfer model were established based on the tractor operating conditions and Bernardi’s theory of battery heat production. Secondly, in order to improve the accuracy of temperature prediction, a prediction method of future working condition information based on the moving average theory is proposed. Finally, a nonlinear model predictive control cooling optimization strategy is proposed, with the optimization objectives of quickly achieving battery temperature regulation and reducing compressor energy consumption. The proposed control strategy is validated by simulation and a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testbed. The results show that the proposed NMPC strategy can control the battery temperature better, that in the holding phase the proposed control strategy reduces the compressor speed variation range by 24.6% compared with PID, and that it reduces the compressor energy consumption by 23.1% in the whole temperature control phase.https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/5/249electric tractorpower batterythermal management systemplowing conditionnonlinear model predictive controlmoving average theory |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoshuang Guo Ruiliang Xu Junjiang Zhang Xianghai Yan Mengnan Liu Mingyue Shi Research on Energy-Saving Control Strategy of Nonlinear Thermal Management System for Electric Tractor Power Battery Under Plowing Conditions World Electric Vehicle Journal electric tractor power battery thermal management system plowing condition nonlinear model predictive control moving average theory |
| title | Research on Energy-Saving Control Strategy of Nonlinear Thermal Management System for Electric Tractor Power Battery Under Plowing Conditions |
| title_full | Research on Energy-Saving Control Strategy of Nonlinear Thermal Management System for Electric Tractor Power Battery Under Plowing Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Research on Energy-Saving Control Strategy of Nonlinear Thermal Management System for Electric Tractor Power Battery Under Plowing Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Research on Energy-Saving Control Strategy of Nonlinear Thermal Management System for Electric Tractor Power Battery Under Plowing Conditions |
| title_short | Research on Energy-Saving Control Strategy of Nonlinear Thermal Management System for Electric Tractor Power Battery Under Plowing Conditions |
| title_sort | research on energy saving control strategy of nonlinear thermal management system for electric tractor power battery under plowing conditions |
| topic | electric tractor power battery thermal management system plowing condition nonlinear model predictive control moving average theory |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/5/249 |
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