Separating CO2 emission from removal targets comes with limited cost impacts

Abstract Net-zero commitments have become the focal point for countries to communicate long-term climate targets. However, to this point it is not clear to what extent conventional emissions reductions and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) will contribute to net-zero. An integrated market for emissions a...

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Main Authors: Anne Merfort, Jessica Strefler, Gabriel Abrahão, Nico Bauer, Tabea Dorndorf, Elmar Kriegler, Gunnar Luderer, Leon Merfort, Ottmar Edenhofer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60606-7
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author Anne Merfort
Jessica Strefler
Gabriel Abrahão
Nico Bauer
Tabea Dorndorf
Elmar Kriegler
Gunnar Luderer
Leon Merfort
Ottmar Edenhofer
author_facet Anne Merfort
Jessica Strefler
Gabriel Abrahão
Nico Bauer
Tabea Dorndorf
Elmar Kriegler
Gunnar Luderer
Leon Merfort
Ottmar Edenhofer
author_sort Anne Merfort
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Net-zero commitments have become the focal point for countries to communicate long-term climate targets. However, to this point it is not clear to what extent conventional emissions reductions and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) will contribute to net-zero. An integrated market for emissions and removals with a uniform carbon price delivers the economically efficient contribution of CDR to net-zero. Yet it might not fully internalise sustainability risks of CDR and hence could lead to its overuse. In this study, we explore the implications of separating targets for emissions and for removals delivered by novel CDR in global net-zero emissions pathways with the Integrated Assessment Model REMIND. We find that overall efficiency losses induced by such separation are moderate. Furthermore, limiting the CDR target comes with increasing emission prices but also significant benefits: lower cumulative emissions, a lower financial burden for public finance of CDR and limited reliance on geologic CO2 storage but fails to lower the biomass demand. Proposed targets should also ensure sufficient CDR deployment to achieve net-negative emissions in the second half of the 21st century.
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id doaj-art-d01ded7824fa4c64916116fe4f0400d7
institution DOAJ
issn 2041-1723
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-d01ded7824fa4c64916116fe4f0400d72025-08-20T02:39:47ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-06-0116111010.1038/s41467-025-60606-7Separating CO2 emission from removal targets comes with limited cost impactsAnne Merfort0Jessica Strefler1Gabriel Abrahão2Nico Bauer3Tabea Dorndorf4Elmar Kriegler5Gunnar Luderer6Leon Merfort7Ottmar Edenhofer8Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz AssociationAbstract Net-zero commitments have become the focal point for countries to communicate long-term climate targets. However, to this point it is not clear to what extent conventional emissions reductions and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) will contribute to net-zero. An integrated market for emissions and removals with a uniform carbon price delivers the economically efficient contribution of CDR to net-zero. Yet it might not fully internalise sustainability risks of CDR and hence could lead to its overuse. In this study, we explore the implications of separating targets for emissions and for removals delivered by novel CDR in global net-zero emissions pathways with the Integrated Assessment Model REMIND. We find that overall efficiency losses induced by such separation are moderate. Furthermore, limiting the CDR target comes with increasing emission prices but also significant benefits: lower cumulative emissions, a lower financial burden for public finance of CDR and limited reliance on geologic CO2 storage but fails to lower the biomass demand. Proposed targets should also ensure sufficient CDR deployment to achieve net-negative emissions in the second half of the 21st century.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60606-7
spellingShingle Anne Merfort
Jessica Strefler
Gabriel Abrahão
Nico Bauer
Tabea Dorndorf
Elmar Kriegler
Gunnar Luderer
Leon Merfort
Ottmar Edenhofer
Separating CO2 emission from removal targets comes with limited cost impacts
Nature Communications
title Separating CO2 emission from removal targets comes with limited cost impacts
title_full Separating CO2 emission from removal targets comes with limited cost impacts
title_fullStr Separating CO2 emission from removal targets comes with limited cost impacts
title_full_unstemmed Separating CO2 emission from removal targets comes with limited cost impacts
title_short Separating CO2 emission from removal targets comes with limited cost impacts
title_sort separating co2 emission from removal targets comes with limited cost impacts
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60606-7
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AT elmarkriegler separatingco2emissionfromremovaltargetscomeswithlimitedcostimpacts
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