Converting low-temperature waste heat into hydrogen energy through four different organic cycle setups: A comparative techno-economic analysis

A large amount of low-temperature heat is wasted in industrial processes and energy conversion systems, which can be converted into useful energy by utilizing various technologies. Hence, the present study provides a comparison among four low-temperature organic cycles to convert such waste heat int...

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Main Authors: Chou-Yi Hsu, Shaikh Hasibul Majid, Ali G. Alkhathami, Hitmi Khalifa Alhitmi, T. Ramachandran, Munthir Abdulwahid Abdulhussain, Aman Shankhyan, A. Karthikeyan, Dhirendra Nath Thatoi, Hamed Habibi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25008718
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author Chou-Yi Hsu
Shaikh Hasibul Majid
Ali G. Alkhathami
Hitmi Khalifa Alhitmi
T. Ramachandran
Munthir Abdulwahid Abdulhussain
Aman Shankhyan
A. Karthikeyan
Dhirendra Nath Thatoi
Hamed Habibi
author_facet Chou-Yi Hsu
Shaikh Hasibul Majid
Ali G. Alkhathami
Hitmi Khalifa Alhitmi
T. Ramachandran
Munthir Abdulwahid Abdulhussain
Aman Shankhyan
A. Karthikeyan
Dhirendra Nath Thatoi
Hamed Habibi
author_sort Chou-Yi Hsu
collection DOAJ
description A large amount of low-temperature heat is wasted in industrial processes and energy conversion systems, which can be converted into useful energy by utilizing various technologies. Hence, the present study provides a comparison among four low-temperature organic cycles to convert such waste heat into hydrogen energy. Partial evaporating organic Rankine cycle (PEORC), organic flash cycle (OFC), trilateral cycle (TLC), and organic flash regenerative cycle (OFRC) are compared at the optimal operating point from thermodynamic and economic viewpoints. A thermoelectric generator is employed in the four cycles to recover the heat lost during the condensation process into electricity. The total electricity generated by each cycle is converted into hydrogen through a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. Exergy efficiency (ηex), specific cost of hydrogen production (chydrogen), and levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) are the output parameters in the comparative analysis. The OFRC-based system has the highest ηex (30.77 %) and the second-lowest LCOH (4.66 $kg−1). The PEORC-based system brings about an acceptable ηex (27.39 %), the lowest LCOH (4.08 $kg−1), and the lowest chydrogen (157.8 $GJ−1). The TLC-based system causes the second-highest ηex (30.21 %) and the second-lowest chydrogen (169.1 $GJ−1). The OFC-based system has the weakest performance among the four configurations.
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institution Kabale University
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series Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
spelling doaj-art-d016b10d43de4e8d95d4493cea1db7342025-08-20T03:50:06ZengElsevierCase Studies in Thermal Engineering2214-157X2025-09-017310661110.1016/j.csite.2025.106611Converting low-temperature waste heat into hydrogen energy through four different organic cycle setups: A comparative techno-economic analysisChou-Yi Hsu0Shaikh Hasibul Majid1Ali G. Alkhathami2Hitmi Khalifa Alhitmi3T. Ramachandran4Munthir Abdulwahid Abdulhussain5Aman Shankhyan6A. Karthikeyan7Dhirendra Nath Thatoi8Hamed Habibi9Thunderbird School of Global Management, Arizona State University Tempe Campus, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA; Corresponding author.Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 9088, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Business and Economics, Qatar University, Doha, QatarDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaMazaya University College, Dhiqar, IraqCentre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751030, IndiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; Corresponding author.A large amount of low-temperature heat is wasted in industrial processes and energy conversion systems, which can be converted into useful energy by utilizing various technologies. Hence, the present study provides a comparison among four low-temperature organic cycles to convert such waste heat into hydrogen energy. Partial evaporating organic Rankine cycle (PEORC), organic flash cycle (OFC), trilateral cycle (TLC), and organic flash regenerative cycle (OFRC) are compared at the optimal operating point from thermodynamic and economic viewpoints. A thermoelectric generator is employed in the four cycles to recover the heat lost during the condensation process into electricity. The total electricity generated by each cycle is converted into hydrogen through a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. Exergy efficiency (ηex), specific cost of hydrogen production (chydrogen), and levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) are the output parameters in the comparative analysis. The OFRC-based system has the highest ηex (30.77 %) and the second-lowest LCOH (4.66 $kg−1). The PEORC-based system brings about an acceptable ηex (27.39 %), the lowest LCOH (4.08 $kg−1), and the lowest chydrogen (157.8 $GJ−1). The TLC-based system causes the second-highest ηex (30.21 %) and the second-lowest chydrogen (169.1 $GJ−1). The OFC-based system has the weakest performance among the four configurations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25008718Low-temperature waste heatClean hydrogenPartial evaporating organic Rankine cycleOrganic flash cycleTrilateral cycleOrganic flash regenerative cycle
spellingShingle Chou-Yi Hsu
Shaikh Hasibul Majid
Ali G. Alkhathami
Hitmi Khalifa Alhitmi
T. Ramachandran
Munthir Abdulwahid Abdulhussain
Aman Shankhyan
A. Karthikeyan
Dhirendra Nath Thatoi
Hamed Habibi
Converting low-temperature waste heat into hydrogen energy through four different organic cycle setups: A comparative techno-economic analysis
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
Low-temperature waste heat
Clean hydrogen
Partial evaporating organic Rankine cycle
Organic flash cycle
Trilateral cycle
Organic flash regenerative cycle
title Converting low-temperature waste heat into hydrogen energy through four different organic cycle setups: A comparative techno-economic analysis
title_full Converting low-temperature waste heat into hydrogen energy through four different organic cycle setups: A comparative techno-economic analysis
title_fullStr Converting low-temperature waste heat into hydrogen energy through four different organic cycle setups: A comparative techno-economic analysis
title_full_unstemmed Converting low-temperature waste heat into hydrogen energy through four different organic cycle setups: A comparative techno-economic analysis
title_short Converting low-temperature waste heat into hydrogen energy through four different organic cycle setups: A comparative techno-economic analysis
title_sort converting low temperature waste heat into hydrogen energy through four different organic cycle setups a comparative techno economic analysis
topic Low-temperature waste heat
Clean hydrogen
Partial evaporating organic Rankine cycle
Organic flash cycle
Trilateral cycle
Organic flash regenerative cycle
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25008718
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