Symmetries of vanishing nonlinear Love numbers of Schwarzschild black holes

Abstract The tidal Love numbers parametrize the conservative induced tidal response of self-gravitating objects. It is well established that asymptotically-flat black holes in four-dimensional general relativity have vanishing Love numbers. In linear perturbation theory, this result was shown to be...

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Main Authors: Oscar Combaluzier-Szteinsznaider, Lam Hui, Luca Santoni, Adam R. Solomon, Sam S. C. Wong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of High Energy Physics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2025)124
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author Oscar Combaluzier-Szteinsznaider
Lam Hui
Luca Santoni
Adam R. Solomon
Sam S. C. Wong
author_facet Oscar Combaluzier-Szteinsznaider
Lam Hui
Luca Santoni
Adam R. Solomon
Sam S. C. Wong
author_sort Oscar Combaluzier-Szteinsznaider
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The tidal Love numbers parametrize the conservative induced tidal response of self-gravitating objects. It is well established that asymptotically-flat black holes in four-dimensional general relativity have vanishing Love numbers. In linear perturbation theory, this result was shown to be a consequence of ladder symmetries acting on black hole perturbations. In this work, we show that a black hole’s tidal response induced by a static, parity-even tidal field vanishes for all multipoles to all orders in perturbation theory. Our strategy is to focus on static and axisymmetric spacetimes for which the dimensional reduction to the fully nonlinear Weyl solution is well-known. We define the nonlinear Love numbers using the point-particle effective field theory, matching with the Weyl solution to show that an infinite subset of the static, parity-even Love number couplings vanish, to all orders in perturbation theory. This conclusion holds even if the tidal field deviates from axisymmetry. Lastly, we discuss the symmetries underlying the vanishing of the nonlinear Love numbers. An $$\mathfrak{s}\mathfrak{l}$$ (2, ℝ) algebra acting on a covariantly-defined potential furnishes ladder symmetries analogous to those in linear theory. This is because the dynamics of the potential are isomorphic to those of a static, massless scalar on a Schwarzschild background. We comment on the connection between the ladder symmetries and the Geroch group that is well-known to arise from dimensional reduction.
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spelling doaj-art-cfffc53541094d758b85b0cff8ec50a52025-08-20T03:06:48ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792025-03-012025314410.1007/JHEP03(2025)124Symmetries of vanishing nonlinear Love numbers of Schwarzschild black holesOscar Combaluzier-Szteinsznaider0Lam Hui1Luca Santoni2Adam R. Solomon3Sam S. C. Wong4Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et CosmologieCenter for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, Columbia UniversityUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et CosmologieDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster UniversityDepartment of Physics, City University of Hong KongAbstract The tidal Love numbers parametrize the conservative induced tidal response of self-gravitating objects. It is well established that asymptotically-flat black holes in four-dimensional general relativity have vanishing Love numbers. In linear perturbation theory, this result was shown to be a consequence of ladder symmetries acting on black hole perturbations. In this work, we show that a black hole’s tidal response induced by a static, parity-even tidal field vanishes for all multipoles to all orders in perturbation theory. Our strategy is to focus on static and axisymmetric spacetimes for which the dimensional reduction to the fully nonlinear Weyl solution is well-known. We define the nonlinear Love numbers using the point-particle effective field theory, matching with the Weyl solution to show that an infinite subset of the static, parity-even Love number couplings vanish, to all orders in perturbation theory. This conclusion holds even if the tidal field deviates from axisymmetry. Lastly, we discuss the symmetries underlying the vanishing of the nonlinear Love numbers. An $$\mathfrak{s}\mathfrak{l}$$ (2, ℝ) algebra acting on a covariantly-defined potential furnishes ladder symmetries analogous to those in linear theory. This is because the dynamics of the potential are isomorphic to those of a static, massless scalar on a Schwarzschild background. We comment on the connection between the ladder symmetries and the Geroch group that is well-known to arise from dimensional reduction.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2025)124Black HolesClassical Theories of GravitySpace-Time SymmetriesEffective Field Theories
spellingShingle Oscar Combaluzier-Szteinsznaider
Lam Hui
Luca Santoni
Adam R. Solomon
Sam S. C. Wong
Symmetries of vanishing nonlinear Love numbers of Schwarzschild black holes
Journal of High Energy Physics
Black Holes
Classical Theories of Gravity
Space-Time Symmetries
Effective Field Theories
title Symmetries of vanishing nonlinear Love numbers of Schwarzschild black holes
title_full Symmetries of vanishing nonlinear Love numbers of Schwarzschild black holes
title_fullStr Symmetries of vanishing nonlinear Love numbers of Schwarzschild black holes
title_full_unstemmed Symmetries of vanishing nonlinear Love numbers of Schwarzschild black holes
title_short Symmetries of vanishing nonlinear Love numbers of Schwarzschild black holes
title_sort symmetries of vanishing nonlinear love numbers of schwarzschild black holes
topic Black Holes
Classical Theories of Gravity
Space-Time Symmetries
Effective Field Theories
url https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2025)124
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AT adamrsolomon symmetriesofvanishingnonlinearlovenumbersofschwarzschildblackholes
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