A Low-Power Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Receiver with Quadrature Bandpass Continuous-Time Delta–Sigma Analog-to-Digital Converter for IoT Applications
This paper presents a low-power CMOS receiver with a complex continuous-time delta–sigma ADC designed for IoT applications in the 2.4 GHz band. The architecture employs a quadrature bandpass continuous-time delta–sigma ADC optimized for Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) standards, achieving an ENOB of 10.9...
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-03-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/6/1748 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Summary: | This paper presents a low-power CMOS receiver with a complex continuous-time delta–sigma ADC designed for IoT applications in the 2.4 GHz band. The architecture employs a quadrature bandpass continuous-time delta–sigma ADC optimized for Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) standards, achieving an ENOB of 10.9 bits while consuming only 0.81 mW from a 1.0 V supply. The receiver demonstrates impressive performance metrics, including a sensitivity of −95 dBm at a 10⁻<sup>3</sup>-bit error rate, an image rejection ratio of 54.2 dBc, and a spurious-free dynamic range of 79.8 dBc. Operating at a 1.5 MHz intermediate frequency with a 2 MHz bandwidth, the ADC achieves superior energy efficiency with a figure of merit (FOM<sub>W</sub>) of 103.2 fJ/conv. Implemented in 28 nm CMOS technology, the complete receiver occupies 0.375 mm<sup>2</sup> for the RF front-end and 0.145 mm<sup>2</sup> for the ADC while consuming 4.08 mW total power, making it well suited for battery-powered IoT sensor nodes requiring both power efficiency and reliable wireless connectivity. |
|---|---|
| ISSN: | 1424-8220 |