Valorisation of Deinking Paper Sludge for Fertiliser Purposes: New Perspective in Sustainable Agriculture
The growth of the global population, coupled with concomitant economic development, has resulted in the generation of a substantial quantity of waste. The transition of the European Union’s economy towards a closed-loop model is prompting a comprehensive search for waste management concepts across a...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| author | Halyna Kominko Katarzyna Gorazda Katarzyna Łoś Zbigniew Wzorek |
| author_facet | Halyna Kominko Katarzyna Gorazda Katarzyna Łoś Zbigniew Wzorek |
| author_sort | Halyna Kominko |
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| description | The growth of the global population, coupled with concomitant economic development, has resulted in the generation of a substantial quantity of waste. The transition of the European Union’s economy towards a closed-loop model is prompting a comprehensive search for waste management concepts across a range of industrial sectors. The objective of this study is to valorise deinking paper sludge, which has a high potential for soil formation due to its high organic matter content. To produce organic–mineral fertiliser, the deinking sludge was subjected to acid hydrolysis, then neutralised with KOH solution and enriched with poultry litter ash. The final products were characterised in terms of their nutrient and heavy metal content. The bioavailability of phosphorus, along with the forms in which it occurs in fertilisers, was determined through the implementation of a five-step fractionation procedure. Furthermore, an eight-week incubation period was conducted to assess the fertilisers’ performance in soil. Soil samples were tested on a weekly basis for pH, water-soluble and bioavailable phosphorus content using the spectroscopic method after previous extraction in water and Bray’s solution, and catalase activity using the titrimetric method. The resulting fertilisers were found to meet the requirements for organo-mineral fertilisers and were categorised as PK-type fertilisers with a total nutrient content of 24.6–39.3%. Fractionation studies demonstrated that the fertilisers contained 20–30% of the total potentially bioavailable phosphorus. Furthermore, the long-term release of phosphorus from the fertilisers was confirmed through incubation studies. Additionally, the fertilisers were observed to contribute to an increase in catalase activity in the soil. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-cfd3e2b91c264fb18770a81e4f735bd92025-08-20T02:53:30ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-11-011412278810.3390/agronomy14122788Valorisation of Deinking Paper Sludge for Fertiliser Purposes: New Perspective in Sustainable AgricultureHalyna Kominko0Katarzyna Gorazda1Katarzyna Łoś2Zbigniew Wzorek3Department of Chemical Technology and Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Chemical Technology and Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Chemical Technology and Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Chemical Technology and Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, PolandThe growth of the global population, coupled with concomitant economic development, has resulted in the generation of a substantial quantity of waste. The transition of the European Union’s economy towards a closed-loop model is prompting a comprehensive search for waste management concepts across a range of industrial sectors. The objective of this study is to valorise deinking paper sludge, which has a high potential for soil formation due to its high organic matter content. To produce organic–mineral fertiliser, the deinking sludge was subjected to acid hydrolysis, then neutralised with KOH solution and enriched with poultry litter ash. The final products were characterised in terms of their nutrient and heavy metal content. The bioavailability of phosphorus, along with the forms in which it occurs in fertilisers, was determined through the implementation of a five-step fractionation procedure. Furthermore, an eight-week incubation period was conducted to assess the fertilisers’ performance in soil. Soil samples were tested on a weekly basis for pH, water-soluble and bioavailable phosphorus content using the spectroscopic method after previous extraction in water and Bray’s solution, and catalase activity using the titrimetric method. The resulting fertilisers were found to meet the requirements for organo-mineral fertilisers and were categorised as PK-type fertilisers with a total nutrient content of 24.6–39.3%. Fractionation studies demonstrated that the fertilisers contained 20–30% of the total potentially bioavailable phosphorus. Furthermore, the long-term release of phosphorus from the fertilisers was confirmed through incubation studies. Additionally, the fertilisers were observed to contribute to an increase in catalase activity in the soil.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/12/2788fertilisersorganic matter recyclingdeinking paper sludgephosphorus fractionationwaste management |
| spellingShingle | Halyna Kominko Katarzyna Gorazda Katarzyna Łoś Zbigniew Wzorek Valorisation of Deinking Paper Sludge for Fertiliser Purposes: New Perspective in Sustainable Agriculture Agronomy fertilisers organic matter recycling deinking paper sludge phosphorus fractionation waste management |
| title | Valorisation of Deinking Paper Sludge for Fertiliser Purposes: New Perspective in Sustainable Agriculture |
| title_full | Valorisation of Deinking Paper Sludge for Fertiliser Purposes: New Perspective in Sustainable Agriculture |
| title_fullStr | Valorisation of Deinking Paper Sludge for Fertiliser Purposes: New Perspective in Sustainable Agriculture |
| title_full_unstemmed | Valorisation of Deinking Paper Sludge for Fertiliser Purposes: New Perspective in Sustainable Agriculture |
| title_short | Valorisation of Deinking Paper Sludge for Fertiliser Purposes: New Perspective in Sustainable Agriculture |
| title_sort | valorisation of deinking paper sludge for fertiliser purposes new perspective in sustainable agriculture |
| topic | fertilisers organic matter recycling deinking paper sludge phosphorus fractionation waste management |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/12/2788 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT halynakominko valorisationofdeinkingpapersludgeforfertiliserpurposesnewperspectiveinsustainableagriculture AT katarzynagorazda valorisationofdeinkingpapersludgeforfertiliserpurposesnewperspectiveinsustainableagriculture AT katarzynałos valorisationofdeinkingpapersludgeforfertiliserpurposesnewperspectiveinsustainableagriculture AT zbigniewwzorek valorisationofdeinkingpapersludgeforfertiliserpurposesnewperspectiveinsustainableagriculture |