Rheology study of the starch gelatinization to understand the hematite depression process

Gelatinization of starch by NaOH is an essential stage for this depressant preparation to enhance its water solubility through the reverse cationic flotation. No investigation has explored the rheology of the starch gelatinization to demonstrate the hematite depression completeness. To fill the gap,...

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Main Authors: Elaine Cristina Andrade, Jean Carlo Grijó Louzada, Saeed Chehreh Chelgani, Laurindo de Salles Leal Filho
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424025158
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author Elaine Cristina Andrade
Jean Carlo Grijó Louzada
Saeed Chehreh Chelgani
Laurindo de Salles Leal Filho
author_facet Elaine Cristina Andrade
Jean Carlo Grijó Louzada
Saeed Chehreh Chelgani
Laurindo de Salles Leal Filho
author_sort Elaine Cristina Andrade
collection DOAJ
description Gelatinization of starch by NaOH is an essential stage for this depressant preparation to enhance its water solubility through the reverse cationic flotation. No investigation has explored the rheology of the starch gelatinization to demonstrate the hematite depression completeness. To fill the gap, this study examined the influence of a wide range of SNMRs (3:1, 5:1, 7:1, 9:1) to explore the efficiency of the gelatinization process. The main aim was to highlight how starch gel preparation can influence hematite depression in cationic reverse flotation. The steady and dynamic shear rheological measurements plus optical micrographs were assessed for the starch gel gelatinization process for different SNMR conditions. Various experiment outcomes indicated that through the starch gelatinization by SNMR>6:1, the solubilization did not occur completely (due to the presence of some pristine granules) and the gels exhibited solid-like behavior, as evidenced by K′>K″,tanδ < 1, λ≥ 94.3s, and η0 ≥ 32.0 Pa s. The incomplete release of AP macromolecules into the solution was the cause of the poor hematite depression efficiency. Pretreating starch by SNMR ≤5:1 indicated a full release of both AM and AP species to the solution since the gels showed fluid-like behavior with K′<K″,tanδ >1, λ≤ 0.7s, and η0 ≤ 2.4 Pa s. However, the excessive alkalinity promoted a reduction in the hydrodynamic size of macromolecules. These findings explain the better efficiency of SNMR = 5:1 to depress hematite compared to SNMR = 3:1. In general, starch preparation with SNMR = 6:1 marked the onset of the sol-gel transition, and the gels exhibited a balance between fluid-like behavior and solid-like behavior.
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spelling doaj-art-cfd3d58bd8eb429994dd44d2f197d29a2025-08-20T01:57:24ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542024-11-01336251626210.1016/j.jmrt.2024.10.245Rheology study of the starch gelatinization to understand the hematite depression processElaine Cristina Andrade0Jean Carlo Grijó Louzada1Saeed Chehreh Chelgani2Laurindo de Salles Leal Filho3Department of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, BrazilGeosciences and Engineering Institute, Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará, BrazilMinerals and Metallurgical Engineering, Swedish School of Mines, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Swedish School of Mines, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; Corresponding author. Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering, Swedish School of Mines, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.Department of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, BrazilGelatinization of starch by NaOH is an essential stage for this depressant preparation to enhance its water solubility through the reverse cationic flotation. No investigation has explored the rheology of the starch gelatinization to demonstrate the hematite depression completeness. To fill the gap, this study examined the influence of a wide range of SNMRs (3:1, 5:1, 7:1, 9:1) to explore the efficiency of the gelatinization process. The main aim was to highlight how starch gel preparation can influence hematite depression in cationic reverse flotation. The steady and dynamic shear rheological measurements plus optical micrographs were assessed for the starch gel gelatinization process for different SNMR conditions. Various experiment outcomes indicated that through the starch gelatinization by SNMR>6:1, the solubilization did not occur completely (due to the presence of some pristine granules) and the gels exhibited solid-like behavior, as evidenced by K′>K″,tanδ < 1, λ≥ 94.3s, and η0 ≥ 32.0 Pa s. The incomplete release of AP macromolecules into the solution was the cause of the poor hematite depression efficiency. Pretreating starch by SNMR ≤5:1 indicated a full release of both AM and AP species to the solution since the gels showed fluid-like behavior with K′<K″,tanδ >1, λ≤ 0.7s, and η0 ≤ 2.4 Pa s. However, the excessive alkalinity promoted a reduction in the hydrodynamic size of macromolecules. These findings explain the better efficiency of SNMR = 5:1 to depress hematite compared to SNMR = 3:1. In general, starch preparation with SNMR = 6:1 marked the onset of the sol-gel transition, and the gels exhibited a balance between fluid-like behavior and solid-like behavior.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424025158Starch gelHematite depressionRheologyFluid-like behaviorSolid-like behavior
spellingShingle Elaine Cristina Andrade
Jean Carlo Grijó Louzada
Saeed Chehreh Chelgani
Laurindo de Salles Leal Filho
Rheology study of the starch gelatinization to understand the hematite depression process
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Starch gel
Hematite depression
Rheology
Fluid-like behavior
Solid-like behavior
title Rheology study of the starch gelatinization to understand the hematite depression process
title_full Rheology study of the starch gelatinization to understand the hematite depression process
title_fullStr Rheology study of the starch gelatinization to understand the hematite depression process
title_full_unstemmed Rheology study of the starch gelatinization to understand the hematite depression process
title_short Rheology study of the starch gelatinization to understand the hematite depression process
title_sort rheology study of the starch gelatinization to understand the hematite depression process
topic Starch gel
Hematite depression
Rheology
Fluid-like behavior
Solid-like behavior
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424025158
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AT saeedchehrehchelgani rheologystudyofthestarchgelatinizationtounderstandthehematitedepressionprocess
AT laurindodesalleslealfilho rheologystudyofthestarchgelatinizationtounderstandthehematitedepressionprocess