PD-L1 expression in microvascular endothelial cells predicts the efficacy and side effects of anlotinib
BackgroundImmunotherapy plays a crucial role in the treatment of tumors. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between the expression of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1, CD274) in microvascular endothelial cells (MECs), including blood endothelial cells (BECs) and lymphatic e...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1544278/full |
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| author | Yingfang Feng Yuan Gao Shaochuan Liu Tingting Qin Yan Zhang Jing Wang Kai Li |
| author_facet | Yingfang Feng Yuan Gao Shaochuan Liu Tingting Qin Yan Zhang Jing Wang Kai Li |
| author_sort | Yingfang Feng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundImmunotherapy plays a crucial role in the treatment of tumors. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between the expression of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1, CD274) in microvascular endothelial cells (MECs), including blood endothelial cells (BECs) and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), and immune cell infiltration within tissues.MethodsIn our study, we utilized data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, a mouse subcutaneous xenograft model, and immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining to investigate the relationship between PD-L1 expression in melanoma MECs at different tumor stages and the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in tumor and normal organs, under conditions with and without anlotinib treatment.ResultsWe found that PD-L1 expression was upregulated in tumor MECs, while anlotinib downregulated PD-L1 expression in both tumor and normal tissue MECs, corresponding with increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the tissues. Additionally, the antitumor effect of anlotinib was most pronounced when administered during the mid-stage of tumor development.ConclusionsThis study evaluated the most effective timing for anlotinib to downregulate PD-L1 expression in tumor and normal tissues to promote immune infiltration. Our findings may offer valuable insights for the clinical use of anlotinib and its potential side effects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cfd33303f0ea463bb7d93bab386cf5dd |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2234-943X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj-art-cfd33303f0ea463bb7d93bab386cf5dd2025-08-20T03:56:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2025-07-011510.3389/fonc.2025.15442781544278PD-L1 expression in microvascular endothelial cells predicts the efficacy and side effects of anlotinibYingfang Feng0Yuan Gao1Shaochuan Liu2Tingting Qin3Yan Zhang4Jing Wang5Kai Li6Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Oncology, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, ChinaBackgroundImmunotherapy plays a crucial role in the treatment of tumors. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between the expression of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1, CD274) in microvascular endothelial cells (MECs), including blood endothelial cells (BECs) and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), and immune cell infiltration within tissues.MethodsIn our study, we utilized data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, a mouse subcutaneous xenograft model, and immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining to investigate the relationship between PD-L1 expression in melanoma MECs at different tumor stages and the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in tumor and normal organs, under conditions with and without anlotinib treatment.ResultsWe found that PD-L1 expression was upregulated in tumor MECs, while anlotinib downregulated PD-L1 expression in both tumor and normal tissue MECs, corresponding with increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the tissues. Additionally, the antitumor effect of anlotinib was most pronounced when administered during the mid-stage of tumor development.ConclusionsThis study evaluated the most effective timing for anlotinib to downregulate PD-L1 expression in tumor and normal tissues to promote immune infiltration. Our findings may offer valuable insights for the clinical use of anlotinib and its potential side effects.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1544278/fullanlotinibPD-L1microvascular endothelial cellsimmune checkpointsmelanoma |
| spellingShingle | Yingfang Feng Yuan Gao Shaochuan Liu Tingting Qin Yan Zhang Jing Wang Kai Li PD-L1 expression in microvascular endothelial cells predicts the efficacy and side effects of anlotinib Frontiers in Oncology anlotinib PD-L1 microvascular endothelial cells immune checkpoints melanoma |
| title | PD-L1 expression in microvascular endothelial cells predicts the efficacy and side effects of anlotinib |
| title_full | PD-L1 expression in microvascular endothelial cells predicts the efficacy and side effects of anlotinib |
| title_fullStr | PD-L1 expression in microvascular endothelial cells predicts the efficacy and side effects of anlotinib |
| title_full_unstemmed | PD-L1 expression in microvascular endothelial cells predicts the efficacy and side effects of anlotinib |
| title_short | PD-L1 expression in microvascular endothelial cells predicts the efficacy and side effects of anlotinib |
| title_sort | pd l1 expression in microvascular endothelial cells predicts the efficacy and side effects of anlotinib |
| topic | anlotinib PD-L1 microvascular endothelial cells immune checkpoints melanoma |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1544278/full |
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