Evaluating the stability of antibody titres against Leishmania infantum determined by IFAT in long-term stored canine frozen samples
Abstract Background The immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) is a serological diagnostic technique used to quantify serum antibodies generated in response to exposure to various pathogens, such as Leishmania infantum. Retrospective analysis of previously collected frozen samples is highly valuabl...
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2025-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06982-x |
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| author | Patricia Olmeda David Díaz-Regañón Alejandra Villaescusa Inmaculada Amusategui Miguel A. Tesouro Fernando Rodríguez-Franco Mercedes García-Sancho Daniel Martín-Fraile Ángel Sainz |
| author_facet | Patricia Olmeda David Díaz-Regañón Alejandra Villaescusa Inmaculada Amusategui Miguel A. Tesouro Fernando Rodríguez-Franco Mercedes García-Sancho Daniel Martín-Fraile Ángel Sainz |
| author_sort | Patricia Olmeda |
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| description | Abstract Background The immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) is a serological diagnostic technique used to quantify serum antibodies generated in response to exposure to various pathogens, such as Leishmania infantum. Retrospective analysis of previously collected frozen samples is highly valuable for clinical and research purposes. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of long-term frozen storage of canine plasma samples on the IFAT-based serological diagnosis of L. infantum exposure. Methods A total of 189 frozen plasma samples from dogs stored at −20 °C for 5, 10 or 20 years, which had previously been tested for L. infantum exposure via IFAT (IgG), were reanalysed to assess the concordance between past and current qualitative and quantitative results. Results The qualitative agreement between the former and current IFATs was 92.1%. The samples from 20 years prior presented the greatest increase in negative samples in the second analysis (from 28.6 to 39.7%). A strong positive correlation was observed between the quantitative measurements of the past and present across all three groups. The exact quantitative agreement was 48.7%. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that freezing at −20 °C is a good technique for prolonged storage of samples for the detection of L. infantum exposure in dogs, as the qualitative IFAT result is not significantly altered. This finding is of particular interest both for clinical endeavours and for future research in this field. Graphical Abstract |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj-art-cfcf67dc58a947cbba1dc37c947ca2572025-08-20T04:01:52ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052025-08-011811810.1186/s13071-025-06982-xEvaluating the stability of antibody titres against Leishmania infantum determined by IFAT in long-term stored canine frozen samplesPatricia Olmeda0David Díaz-Regañón1Alejandra Villaescusa2Inmaculada Amusategui3Miguel A. Tesouro4Fernando Rodríguez-Franco5Mercedes García-Sancho6Daniel Martín-Fraile7Ángel Sainz8Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of MadridDepartment of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of MadridDepartment of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of MadridDepartment of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of MadridDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of LeónDepartment of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of MadridDepartment of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of MadridDepartment of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of MadridDepartment of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of MadridAbstract Background The immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) is a serological diagnostic technique used to quantify serum antibodies generated in response to exposure to various pathogens, such as Leishmania infantum. Retrospective analysis of previously collected frozen samples is highly valuable for clinical and research purposes. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of long-term frozen storage of canine plasma samples on the IFAT-based serological diagnosis of L. infantum exposure. Methods A total of 189 frozen plasma samples from dogs stored at −20 °C for 5, 10 or 20 years, which had previously been tested for L. infantum exposure via IFAT (IgG), were reanalysed to assess the concordance between past and current qualitative and quantitative results. Results The qualitative agreement between the former and current IFATs was 92.1%. The samples from 20 years prior presented the greatest increase in negative samples in the second analysis (from 28.6 to 39.7%). A strong positive correlation was observed between the quantitative measurements of the past and present across all three groups. The exact quantitative agreement was 48.7%. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that freezing at −20 °C is a good technique for prolonged storage of samples for the detection of L. infantum exposure in dogs, as the qualitative IFAT result is not significantly altered. This finding is of particular interest both for clinical endeavours and for future research in this field. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06982-xLeishmaniosisDiagnosisBiological preservationPlasmaDogs |
| spellingShingle | Patricia Olmeda David Díaz-Regañón Alejandra Villaescusa Inmaculada Amusategui Miguel A. Tesouro Fernando Rodríguez-Franco Mercedes García-Sancho Daniel Martín-Fraile Ángel Sainz Evaluating the stability of antibody titres against Leishmania infantum determined by IFAT in long-term stored canine frozen samples Parasites & Vectors Leishmaniosis Diagnosis Biological preservation Plasma Dogs |
| title | Evaluating the stability of antibody titres against Leishmania infantum determined by IFAT in long-term stored canine frozen samples |
| title_full | Evaluating the stability of antibody titres against Leishmania infantum determined by IFAT in long-term stored canine frozen samples |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the stability of antibody titres against Leishmania infantum determined by IFAT in long-term stored canine frozen samples |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the stability of antibody titres against Leishmania infantum determined by IFAT in long-term stored canine frozen samples |
| title_short | Evaluating the stability of antibody titres against Leishmania infantum determined by IFAT in long-term stored canine frozen samples |
| title_sort | evaluating the stability of antibody titres against leishmania infantum determined by ifat in long term stored canine frozen samples |
| topic | Leishmaniosis Diagnosis Biological preservation Plasma Dogs |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06982-x |
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