Reliability and Validity of the Single-Camera Markerless Motion Capture System for Measuring Shoulder Range of Motion in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis: A Single-Center Study

Assessing shoulder joint range of motion (ROM) is essential for diagnosing musculoskeletal disorders and optimizing treatments. This single-center pilot study evaluated the reliability and validity of iBalance, a single-camera markerless motion capture system, for measuring shoulder ROM. Forty parti...

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Main Authors: Suji Lee, Unhyung Lee, Yohwan Kim, Seungjin Noh, Hungu Lee, Seunghoon Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/1960
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author Suji Lee
Unhyung Lee
Yohwan Kim
Seungjin Noh
Hungu Lee
Seunghoon Lee
author_facet Suji Lee
Unhyung Lee
Yohwan Kim
Seungjin Noh
Hungu Lee
Seunghoon Lee
author_sort Suji Lee
collection DOAJ
description Assessing shoulder joint range of motion (ROM) is essential for diagnosing musculoskeletal disorders and optimizing treatments. This single-center pilot study evaluated the reliability and validity of iBalance, a single-camera markerless motion capture system, for measuring shoulder ROM. Forty participants (30 healthy individuals and 10 patients with adhesive capsulitis) underwent measurements of seven shoulder joint movements. Each movement was assessed three times by two raters using both iBalance and a goniometer, with measurements repeated after 1 week. The iBalance demonstrated excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability for flexion (ICC = 0.93 [0.91–0.95], 0.91 [0.88–0.94]), abduction (ICC = 0.97 [0.95–0.98], 0.93 [0.91–0.95]), and passive abduction (ICC = 0.97 [0.96–0.98], 0.98 [0.97–0.98]). The system also showed strong validity compared to the goniometer for flexion (ICC = 0.85 [0.68–0.92]), abduction (ICC = 0.95 [0.94–0.96]), and passive abduction (ICC = 0.97 [0.96–0.98]). Bland–Altman plots showed high consistency between the two devices for flexion, abduction, and passive abduction, with most data points falling within the limits of agreement. Patients with adhesive capsulitis exhibited greater variability than healthy individuals. No adverse events were reported, supporting the safety of the system. This study highlights the potential of a single-camera markerless motion capture system for diagnosing and treating shoulder joint disorders. The iBalance showed clinical applicability for measuring flexion, abduction, and passive abduction. Future enhancements to the algorithm and the incorporation of advanced metrics could improve its performance, facilitating broader clinical applications for diagnosing complex shoulder conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-cfce6be2dd5d4a609fa48e57391f504c2025-08-20T02:15:45ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-03-01257196010.3390/s25071960Reliability and Validity of the Single-Camera Markerless Motion Capture System for Measuring Shoulder Range of Motion in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis: A Single-Center StudySuji Lee0Unhyung Lee1Yohwan Kim2Seungjin Noh3Hungu Lee4Seunghoon Lee5Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaAssessing shoulder joint range of motion (ROM) is essential for diagnosing musculoskeletal disorders and optimizing treatments. This single-center pilot study evaluated the reliability and validity of iBalance, a single-camera markerless motion capture system, for measuring shoulder ROM. Forty participants (30 healthy individuals and 10 patients with adhesive capsulitis) underwent measurements of seven shoulder joint movements. Each movement was assessed three times by two raters using both iBalance and a goniometer, with measurements repeated after 1 week. The iBalance demonstrated excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability for flexion (ICC = 0.93 [0.91–0.95], 0.91 [0.88–0.94]), abduction (ICC = 0.97 [0.95–0.98], 0.93 [0.91–0.95]), and passive abduction (ICC = 0.97 [0.96–0.98], 0.98 [0.97–0.98]). The system also showed strong validity compared to the goniometer for flexion (ICC = 0.85 [0.68–0.92]), abduction (ICC = 0.95 [0.94–0.96]), and passive abduction (ICC = 0.97 [0.96–0.98]). Bland–Altman plots showed high consistency between the two devices for flexion, abduction, and passive abduction, with most data points falling within the limits of agreement. Patients with adhesive capsulitis exhibited greater variability than healthy individuals. No adverse events were reported, supporting the safety of the system. This study highlights the potential of a single-camera markerless motion capture system for diagnosing and treating shoulder joint disorders. The iBalance showed clinical applicability for measuring flexion, abduction, and passive abduction. Future enhancements to the algorithm and the incorporation of advanced metrics could improve its performance, facilitating broader clinical applications for diagnosing complex shoulder conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/1960shoulder jointmotion capturerange of motionreliabilityvalidity
spellingShingle Suji Lee
Unhyung Lee
Yohwan Kim
Seungjin Noh
Hungu Lee
Seunghoon Lee
Reliability and Validity of the Single-Camera Markerless Motion Capture System for Measuring Shoulder Range of Motion in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis: A Single-Center Study
Sensors
shoulder joint
motion capture
range of motion
reliability
validity
title Reliability and Validity of the Single-Camera Markerless Motion Capture System for Measuring Shoulder Range of Motion in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis: A Single-Center Study
title_full Reliability and Validity of the Single-Camera Markerless Motion Capture System for Measuring Shoulder Range of Motion in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis: A Single-Center Study
title_fullStr Reliability and Validity of the Single-Camera Markerless Motion Capture System for Measuring Shoulder Range of Motion in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis: A Single-Center Study
title_full_unstemmed Reliability and Validity of the Single-Camera Markerless Motion Capture System for Measuring Shoulder Range of Motion in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis: A Single-Center Study
title_short Reliability and Validity of the Single-Camera Markerless Motion Capture System for Measuring Shoulder Range of Motion in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis: A Single-Center Study
title_sort reliability and validity of the single camera markerless motion capture system for measuring shoulder range of motion in healthy individuals and patients with adhesive capsulitis a single center study
topic shoulder joint
motion capture
range of motion
reliability
validity
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/1960
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