Longitudinal maternal glycemia during pregnancy and placental epigenetic age acceleration
Abstract Background Dysregulation of maternal glucose homeostasis has been related to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in mothers and fetuses, yet the mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the association between maternal glycemic levels and placental epigenetic age accelera...
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BMC
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Clinical Epigenetics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-025-01825-z |
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| author | Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold Prabhavi Wijesiriwardhana Richard J. Biedrzycki Cuilin Zhang Katherine L. Grantz Jagteshwar Grewal Fasil Tekola-Ayele |
| author_facet | Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold Prabhavi Wijesiriwardhana Richard J. Biedrzycki Cuilin Zhang Katherine L. Grantz Jagteshwar Grewal Fasil Tekola-Ayele |
| author_sort | Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Dysregulation of maternal glucose homeostasis has been related to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in mothers and fetuses, yet the mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the association between maternal glycemic levels and placental epigenetic age acceleration (PAA) in a multiethnic cohort. Methods In a sample of 301 pregnant women (102 Hispanic, 77 White, 72 Black, and 50 Asian/Pacific Islander), the association of glycemic markers cumulative exposure with PAA was tested using linear regression adjusting for fetal sex, maternal age, educational status, and health insurance status. Models were applied in the full cohort and stratified by race/ethnicity. Further, sensitivity analyses were performed after excluding women with GDM or preeclampsia. Results Among Black women, high glucose, HbA1c, and insulin cumulative exposure levels were associated with lower PAA compared to low cumulative exposure levels (β = − 0.75 weeks, 95% CI = − 1.41 to − 0.08); β = − 0.86, 95% CI = − 1.51 to − 0.21; and β = − 0.76, 95% CI = − 1.49 to − 0.03, respectively). Among Asian/Pacific Islander women, medium insulin cumulative exposure level was associated with lower PAA (β = − 0.94 weeks, 95% CI = − 1.74 to − 0.14). No significant association was observed among White and Hispanic women as well as in the full cohort. Conclusions Elevated glucose, HbA1c, and insulin cumulative levels throughout pregnancy were associated with lower PAA in Black and Asian/Pacific Islander women. Placental epigenetic aging may be altered by maternal elevated glycemia and may in part underlie early programming of health outcomes in pregnancy and childhood health outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cfc7f73fdfd54692a519570d367a5871 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1868-7083 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical Epigenetics |
| spelling | doaj-art-cfc7f73fdfd54692a519570d367a58712025-02-09T12:42:52ZengBMCClinical Epigenetics1868-70832025-02-0117111210.1186/s13148-025-01825-zLongitudinal maternal glycemia during pregnancy and placental epigenetic age accelerationTesfa Dejenie Habtewold0Prabhavi Wijesiriwardhana1Richard J. Biedrzycki2Cuilin Zhang3Katherine L. Grantz4Jagteshwar Grewal5Fasil Tekola-Ayele6Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthEpidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthGlotech, Inc., Contractor for Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthGlobal Centre for Asian Women’s Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeEpidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthEpidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthEpidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthAbstract Background Dysregulation of maternal glucose homeostasis has been related to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in mothers and fetuses, yet the mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the association between maternal glycemic levels and placental epigenetic age acceleration (PAA) in a multiethnic cohort. Methods In a sample of 301 pregnant women (102 Hispanic, 77 White, 72 Black, and 50 Asian/Pacific Islander), the association of glycemic markers cumulative exposure with PAA was tested using linear regression adjusting for fetal sex, maternal age, educational status, and health insurance status. Models were applied in the full cohort and stratified by race/ethnicity. Further, sensitivity analyses were performed after excluding women with GDM or preeclampsia. Results Among Black women, high glucose, HbA1c, and insulin cumulative exposure levels were associated with lower PAA compared to low cumulative exposure levels (β = − 0.75 weeks, 95% CI = − 1.41 to − 0.08); β = − 0.86, 95% CI = − 1.51 to − 0.21; and β = − 0.76, 95% CI = − 1.49 to − 0.03, respectively). Among Asian/Pacific Islander women, medium insulin cumulative exposure level was associated with lower PAA (β = − 0.94 weeks, 95% CI = − 1.74 to − 0.14). No significant association was observed among White and Hispanic women as well as in the full cohort. Conclusions Elevated glucose, HbA1c, and insulin cumulative levels throughout pregnancy were associated with lower PAA in Black and Asian/Pacific Islander women. Placental epigenetic aging may be altered by maternal elevated glycemia and may in part underlie early programming of health outcomes in pregnancy and childhood health outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-025-01825-zPlacental age accelerationPlacental agingHyperglycemiaGlycemic biomarkersPregnancyLongitudinal modeling |
| spellingShingle | Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold Prabhavi Wijesiriwardhana Richard J. Biedrzycki Cuilin Zhang Katherine L. Grantz Jagteshwar Grewal Fasil Tekola-Ayele Longitudinal maternal glycemia during pregnancy and placental epigenetic age acceleration Clinical Epigenetics Placental age acceleration Placental aging Hyperglycemia Glycemic biomarkers Pregnancy Longitudinal modeling |
| title | Longitudinal maternal glycemia during pregnancy and placental epigenetic age acceleration |
| title_full | Longitudinal maternal glycemia during pregnancy and placental epigenetic age acceleration |
| title_fullStr | Longitudinal maternal glycemia during pregnancy and placental epigenetic age acceleration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Longitudinal maternal glycemia during pregnancy and placental epigenetic age acceleration |
| title_short | Longitudinal maternal glycemia during pregnancy and placental epigenetic age acceleration |
| title_sort | longitudinal maternal glycemia during pregnancy and placental epigenetic age acceleration |
| topic | Placental age acceleration Placental aging Hyperglycemia Glycemic biomarkers Pregnancy Longitudinal modeling |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-025-01825-z |
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