Multi‐material Electrohydrodynamic Printing of Bioelectronics with Sub‐Microscale 3D Gold Pillars for In Vitro Extra‐ and Intra‐Cellular Electrophysiological Recordings

Abstract Micro/nanoscale 3D bioelectrodes gain increasing interest for electrophysiological recording of electroactive cells. Although 3D printing has shown promise to flexibly fabricate 3D bioelectronics compared with conventional microfabrication, relatively‐low resolution limits the printed bioel...

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Main Authors: Bingsong Gu, Qihang Ma, Jiaxin Li, Wangkai Xu, Yuke Xie, Peng Lu, Kun Yu, Ziyao Huo, Xiao Li, Jianhua Peng, Yong Jiang, Dichen Li, Jiankang He
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Advanced Science
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202407969
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author Bingsong Gu
Qihang Ma
Jiaxin Li
Wangkai Xu
Yuke Xie
Peng Lu
Kun Yu
Ziyao Huo
Xiao Li
Jianhua Peng
Yong Jiang
Dichen Li
Jiankang He
author_facet Bingsong Gu
Qihang Ma
Jiaxin Li
Wangkai Xu
Yuke Xie
Peng Lu
Kun Yu
Ziyao Huo
Xiao Li
Jianhua Peng
Yong Jiang
Dichen Li
Jiankang He
author_sort Bingsong Gu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Micro/nanoscale 3D bioelectrodes gain increasing interest for electrophysiological recording of electroactive cells. Although 3D printing has shown promise to flexibly fabricate 3D bioelectronics compared with conventional microfabrication, relatively‐low resolution limits the printed bioelectrode for high‐quality signal monitoring. Here, a novel multi‐material electrohydrodynamic printing (EHDP) strategy is proposed to fabricate bioelectronics with sub‐microscale 3D gold pillars for in vitro electrophysiological recordings. EHDP is employed to fabricate conductive circuits for signal transmission, which are passivated by polyimide via extrusion‐based printing. Laser‐assisted EHDP is developed to produce 3D gold pillars featuring a diameter of 0.64 ± 0.04 µm. The 3D gold pillars demonstrate stable conductivity under the cell‐culture environment. Living cells can conformally grow onto these sub‐microscale 3D pillars with a height below 5 µm, which facilitates the highly‐sensitive recording of extracellular signals with amplitudes <15 µV. The 3D pillars can apply electroporation currents to reversibly open the cellular membrane for intracellular recording, facilitating the measurement of subtle cellular electrophysiological activities. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, fully‐printed chips with multiple culturing chambers and sensing bioelectronics are fabricated for zone‐specific electrophysiological recording in drug testing. The proposed multi‐material EHDP strategy enables rapid prototyping of organ‐on‐a‐chip systems with 3D bioelectronics for high‐quality electrophysiological recordings.
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publisher Wiley
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spelling doaj-art-cfc274713982484499b248d467db55212025-08-20T02:35:35ZengWileyAdvanced Science2198-38442025-03-01129n/an/a10.1002/advs.202407969Multi‐material Electrohydrodynamic Printing of Bioelectronics with Sub‐Microscale 3D Gold Pillars for In Vitro Extra‐ and Intra‐Cellular Electrophysiological RecordingsBingsong Gu0Qihang Ma1Jiaxin Li2Wangkai Xu3Yuke Xie4Peng Lu5Kun Yu6Ziyao Huo7Xiao Li8Jianhua Peng9Yong Jiang10Dichen Li11Jiankang He12State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. ChinaState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. ChinaState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. ChinaState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. ChinaLaboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University Luzhou 64600 P. R. ChinaLaboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University Luzhou 64600 P. R. ChinaState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. ChinaState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. ChinaState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. ChinaLaboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University Luzhou 64600 P. R. ChinaLaboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University Luzhou 64600 P. R. ChinaState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. ChinaState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. ChinaAbstract Micro/nanoscale 3D bioelectrodes gain increasing interest for electrophysiological recording of electroactive cells. Although 3D printing has shown promise to flexibly fabricate 3D bioelectronics compared with conventional microfabrication, relatively‐low resolution limits the printed bioelectrode for high‐quality signal monitoring. Here, a novel multi‐material electrohydrodynamic printing (EHDP) strategy is proposed to fabricate bioelectronics with sub‐microscale 3D gold pillars for in vitro electrophysiological recordings. EHDP is employed to fabricate conductive circuits for signal transmission, which are passivated by polyimide via extrusion‐based printing. Laser‐assisted EHDP is developed to produce 3D gold pillars featuring a diameter of 0.64 ± 0.04 µm. The 3D gold pillars demonstrate stable conductivity under the cell‐culture environment. Living cells can conformally grow onto these sub‐microscale 3D pillars with a height below 5 µm, which facilitates the highly‐sensitive recording of extracellular signals with amplitudes <15 µV. The 3D pillars can apply electroporation currents to reversibly open the cellular membrane for intracellular recording, facilitating the measurement of subtle cellular electrophysiological activities. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, fully‐printed chips with multiple culturing chambers and sensing bioelectronics are fabricated for zone‐specific electrophysiological recording in drug testing. The proposed multi‐material EHDP strategy enables rapid prototyping of organ‐on‐a‐chip systems with 3D bioelectronics for high‐quality electrophysiological recordings.https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.2024079693D gold pillarsbioelectronicselectrohydrodynamic printingelectrophysiological recordingmulti‐material printing
spellingShingle Bingsong Gu
Qihang Ma
Jiaxin Li
Wangkai Xu
Yuke Xie
Peng Lu
Kun Yu
Ziyao Huo
Xiao Li
Jianhua Peng
Yong Jiang
Dichen Li
Jiankang He
Multi‐material Electrohydrodynamic Printing of Bioelectronics with Sub‐Microscale 3D Gold Pillars for In Vitro Extra‐ and Intra‐Cellular Electrophysiological Recordings
Advanced Science
3D gold pillars
bioelectronics
electrohydrodynamic printing
electrophysiological recording
multi‐material printing
title Multi‐material Electrohydrodynamic Printing of Bioelectronics with Sub‐Microscale 3D Gold Pillars for In Vitro Extra‐ and Intra‐Cellular Electrophysiological Recordings
title_full Multi‐material Electrohydrodynamic Printing of Bioelectronics with Sub‐Microscale 3D Gold Pillars for In Vitro Extra‐ and Intra‐Cellular Electrophysiological Recordings
title_fullStr Multi‐material Electrohydrodynamic Printing of Bioelectronics with Sub‐Microscale 3D Gold Pillars for In Vitro Extra‐ and Intra‐Cellular Electrophysiological Recordings
title_full_unstemmed Multi‐material Electrohydrodynamic Printing of Bioelectronics with Sub‐Microscale 3D Gold Pillars for In Vitro Extra‐ and Intra‐Cellular Electrophysiological Recordings
title_short Multi‐material Electrohydrodynamic Printing of Bioelectronics with Sub‐Microscale 3D Gold Pillars for In Vitro Extra‐ and Intra‐Cellular Electrophysiological Recordings
title_sort multi material electrohydrodynamic printing of bioelectronics with sub microscale 3d gold pillars for in vitro extra and intra cellular electrophysiological recordings
topic 3D gold pillars
bioelectronics
electrohydrodynamic printing
electrophysiological recording
multi‐material printing
url https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202407969
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