Determining anatomical position of the umbilicus in Iranian girls, and providing quantitative indices and formula to determine neo-umbilicus during abdominoplasty

Background and Aim: The umbilicus plays an important role in the aesthetic appearance of the abdomen. So, its restoration during reconstructive surgeries, such as an abdominoplasty, is a challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate quantitative indices based on constant skeletal points in the an...

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Main Authors: Rafi Parnia, Ladan Ghorbani, Nariman Sepehrvand, Sanaz Hatami, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 2012-01-01
Series:Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.4103/0970-0358.96594
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author Rafi Parnia
Ladan Ghorbani
Nariman Sepehrvand
Sanaz Hatami
Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi
author_facet Rafi Parnia
Ladan Ghorbani
Nariman Sepehrvand
Sanaz Hatami
Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi
author_sort Rafi Parnia
collection DOAJ
description Background and Aim: The umbilicus plays an important role in the aesthetic appearance of the abdomen. So, its restoration during reconstructive surgeries, such as an abdominoplasty, is a challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate quantitative indices based on constant skeletal points in the anterior wall of abdomen in order to provide an appropriate site of a neo-umbilicus during an abdominoplasty. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, we enrolled 65 young adult girls (20-25 years old) who were nulliparous, nulligravid, and without any history of surgery. Weight, height, distance from xiphoid to umbilicus (Xu), distance from the pubic symphysis to xiphosternum (Xp), and anterior superior iliac spine (interASIS) distance of the subjects were measured. Data were analysed by SPSS ver. 16 using descriptive statistics and multiple regression tests in order to present a formula (equation). Results: Mean age was 22.74 ± 1.51 years, mean weight 54.98 ± 6.51 kg, mean height 160.91 ± 4.11 cm and body mass index (BMI) was calculated to be 21.25 ± 2.61 kg/m 2 . Mean Xp distance was 32.26 ± 2.23 cm and mean Xu distance was 17.11 ± 1.64 cm. Xu/Xp ratio (ratio of umbilicoxiphoid distance to puboxiphoid distance) was 53.06 ± 3.9%. Data were analysed using multiple regression test and likelihood ratio. The formula used in determining the appropriate site of neo-umbilicus during abdominoplasty was suggested: Xu=−0.98 + 0.91Xp − 0.07H. Conclusion: By applying these quantitative methods, the natural site of neo-umbilicus could be determined. This may reduce practice errors and increase patient satisfaction. In addition, these findings provide plausible evidence to defend against possible legal complaints.
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spelling doaj-art-cfba618875bb41b5922fdcf602c8764e2025-08-20T03:19:46ZengThieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery0970-03581998-376X2012-01-01450109409610.4103/0970-0358.96594Determining anatomical position of the umbilicus in Iranian girls, and providing quantitative indices and formula to determine neo-umbilicus during abdominoplastyRafi Parnia0Ladan Ghorbani1Nariman Sepehrvand2Sanaz Hatami3Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi4Department of Surgery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, UrmiaDepartment of Surgery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, UrmiaStudents’ Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, UrmiaDepartment of Surgery, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Surgery, Department of Psychiatry, Charles Drew University, UCLA, Los Angeles, USABackground and Aim: The umbilicus plays an important role in the aesthetic appearance of the abdomen. So, its restoration during reconstructive surgeries, such as an abdominoplasty, is a challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate quantitative indices based on constant skeletal points in the anterior wall of abdomen in order to provide an appropriate site of a neo-umbilicus during an abdominoplasty. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, we enrolled 65 young adult girls (20-25 years old) who were nulliparous, nulligravid, and without any history of surgery. Weight, height, distance from xiphoid to umbilicus (Xu), distance from the pubic symphysis to xiphosternum (Xp), and anterior superior iliac spine (interASIS) distance of the subjects were measured. Data were analysed by SPSS ver. 16 using descriptive statistics and multiple regression tests in order to present a formula (equation). Results: Mean age was 22.74 ± 1.51 years, mean weight 54.98 ± 6.51 kg, mean height 160.91 ± 4.11 cm and body mass index (BMI) was calculated to be 21.25 ± 2.61 kg/m 2 . Mean Xp distance was 32.26 ± 2.23 cm and mean Xu distance was 17.11 ± 1.64 cm. Xu/Xp ratio (ratio of umbilicoxiphoid distance to puboxiphoid distance) was 53.06 ± 3.9%. Data were analysed using multiple regression test and likelihood ratio. The formula used in determining the appropriate site of neo-umbilicus during abdominoplasty was suggested: Xu=−0.98 + 0.91Xp − 0.07H. Conclusion: By applying these quantitative methods, the natural site of neo-umbilicus could be determined. This may reduce practice errors and increase patient satisfaction. In addition, these findings provide plausible evidence to defend against possible legal complaints.http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.4103/0970-0358.96594abdominoplastyneo-omphaloplastyumbilicus
spellingShingle Rafi Parnia
Ladan Ghorbani
Nariman Sepehrvand
Sanaz Hatami
Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi
Determining anatomical position of the umbilicus in Iranian girls, and providing quantitative indices and formula to determine neo-umbilicus during abdominoplasty
Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery
abdominoplasty
neo-omphaloplasty
umbilicus
title Determining anatomical position of the umbilicus in Iranian girls, and providing quantitative indices and formula to determine neo-umbilicus during abdominoplasty
title_full Determining anatomical position of the umbilicus in Iranian girls, and providing quantitative indices and formula to determine neo-umbilicus during abdominoplasty
title_fullStr Determining anatomical position of the umbilicus in Iranian girls, and providing quantitative indices and formula to determine neo-umbilicus during abdominoplasty
title_full_unstemmed Determining anatomical position of the umbilicus in Iranian girls, and providing quantitative indices and formula to determine neo-umbilicus during abdominoplasty
title_short Determining anatomical position of the umbilicus in Iranian girls, and providing quantitative indices and formula to determine neo-umbilicus during abdominoplasty
title_sort determining anatomical position of the umbilicus in iranian girls and providing quantitative indices and formula to determine neo umbilicus during abdominoplasty
topic abdominoplasty
neo-omphaloplasty
umbilicus
url http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.4103/0970-0358.96594
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