Low temperature deposition of functional thin films on insulating substrates enabled by selective ion acceleration using synchronized floating potential HiPIMS

Abstract Ionized physical vapor deposition techniques, such as high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS), are gaining popularity but face challenges for deposition on insulating materials, where applying negative potentials for ion acceleration is difficult. While radio frequency biasing work...

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Main Authors: Jyotish Patidar, Oleksandr Pshyk, Kerstin Thorwarth, Lars Sommerhäuser, Sebastian Siol
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59911-y
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author Jyotish Patidar
Oleksandr Pshyk
Kerstin Thorwarth
Lars Sommerhäuser
Sebastian Siol
author_facet Jyotish Patidar
Oleksandr Pshyk
Kerstin Thorwarth
Lars Sommerhäuser
Sebastian Siol
author_sort Jyotish Patidar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Ionized physical vapor deposition techniques, such as high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS), are gaining popularity but face challenges for deposition on insulating materials, where applying negative potentials for ion acceleration is difficult. While radio frequency biasing works on insulators, it risks film damage from energetic process gas ions. Here, we present Synchronized Floating Potential HiPIMS (SFP-HiPIMS), which exploits the substrate’s transient negative floating potential during HiPIMS discharges. By timing the ion arrival with this negative potential, selective metal-ion acceleration can be achieved, improving adatom mobility while minimizing energetic Ar+ bombardment. As proof-of-concept, we deposit Al0.88Sc0.12N thin films on various insulating substrates. SFP-HiPIMS improves the films’ crystallinity, texture and residual stress, and also enables epitaxial growth on c-cut sapphire at temperatures as low as 100 °C. SFP-HiPIMS provides a solution for a long-standing challenge in physical vapor deposition, which works for many different materials and integrates readily with standard deposition equipment.
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spelling doaj-art-cfb66e587007479dbb8267f5c54bd36f2025-08-20T03:08:43ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-05-011611910.1038/s41467-025-59911-yLow temperature deposition of functional thin films on insulating substrates enabled by selective ion acceleration using synchronized floating potential HiPIMSJyotish Patidar0Oleksandr Pshyk1Kerstin Thorwarth2Lars Sommerhäuser3Sebastian Siol4Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyEmpa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyEmpa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyEmpa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyEmpa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyAbstract Ionized physical vapor deposition techniques, such as high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS), are gaining popularity but face challenges for deposition on insulating materials, where applying negative potentials for ion acceleration is difficult. While radio frequency biasing works on insulators, it risks film damage from energetic process gas ions. Here, we present Synchronized Floating Potential HiPIMS (SFP-HiPIMS), which exploits the substrate’s transient negative floating potential during HiPIMS discharges. By timing the ion arrival with this negative potential, selective metal-ion acceleration can be achieved, improving adatom mobility while minimizing energetic Ar+ bombardment. As proof-of-concept, we deposit Al0.88Sc0.12N thin films on various insulating substrates. SFP-HiPIMS improves the films’ crystallinity, texture and residual stress, and also enables epitaxial growth on c-cut sapphire at temperatures as low as 100 °C. SFP-HiPIMS provides a solution for a long-standing challenge in physical vapor deposition, which works for many different materials and integrates readily with standard deposition equipment.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59911-y
spellingShingle Jyotish Patidar
Oleksandr Pshyk
Kerstin Thorwarth
Lars Sommerhäuser
Sebastian Siol
Low temperature deposition of functional thin films on insulating substrates enabled by selective ion acceleration using synchronized floating potential HiPIMS
Nature Communications
title Low temperature deposition of functional thin films on insulating substrates enabled by selective ion acceleration using synchronized floating potential HiPIMS
title_full Low temperature deposition of functional thin films on insulating substrates enabled by selective ion acceleration using synchronized floating potential HiPIMS
title_fullStr Low temperature deposition of functional thin films on insulating substrates enabled by selective ion acceleration using synchronized floating potential HiPIMS
title_full_unstemmed Low temperature deposition of functional thin films on insulating substrates enabled by selective ion acceleration using synchronized floating potential HiPIMS
title_short Low temperature deposition of functional thin films on insulating substrates enabled by selective ion acceleration using synchronized floating potential HiPIMS
title_sort low temperature deposition of functional thin films on insulating substrates enabled by selective ion acceleration using synchronized floating potential hipims
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59911-y
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