An updated VIIRS dark target aerosol product for continuity with MODIS: assessing regional aerosol trends

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is a crucial data record to understand aerosols and their direct and indirect effects on air quality and climate forcing. The Dark Target aerosol retrieval product includes AOD and other properties derived from multispectral satellite imagers, available for MODIS on Terra...

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Main Authors: Virginia Sawyer, Robert C. Levy, Shana Mattoo, Yingxi R. Shi, Mijin Kim, Lorraine A. Remer, Geoff Cureton
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Environmental Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1602145/full
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author Virginia Sawyer
Virginia Sawyer
Robert C. Levy
Shana Mattoo
Shana Mattoo
Yingxi R. Shi
Yingxi R. Shi
Mijin Kim
Mijin Kim
Lorraine A. Remer
Geoff Cureton
author_facet Virginia Sawyer
Virginia Sawyer
Robert C. Levy
Shana Mattoo
Shana Mattoo
Yingxi R. Shi
Yingxi R. Shi
Mijin Kim
Mijin Kim
Lorraine A. Remer
Geoff Cureton
author_sort Virginia Sawyer
collection DOAJ
description Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is a crucial data record to understand aerosols and their direct and indirect effects on air quality and climate forcing. The Dark Target aerosol retrieval product includes AOD and other properties derived from multispectral satellite imagers, available for MODIS on Terra (from 2000), MODIS on Aqua (from 2002), and VIIRS on Suomi-NPP (from 2012). Although Terra now has over 25 years of observations, the record must continue onto VIIRS beyond the end of the MODIS mission to meet requirements as a Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) climate data record. We present the recent update to version 2.0 of the VIIRS product, which now includes NOAA-20 VIIRS (from 2017) and algorithm improvements. The combined MODIS-VIIRS dataset is examined for consistency and to ascertain aerosol trends. Overall, the VIIRS products show consistency with the MODIS products. To assess regional trends, two time intervals are studied: a 22-year record that compares Terra and Aqua, and a more recent 12-year record (the VIIRS era) that compares three sensors. According to linear regressions of monthly average AOD for each global 1°×1° grid cell, AOD has decreased by between 0.003 and 0.01 per year over parts of China, the United States, Brazil, and much of Europe, while increasing on the same scale over India and parts of Canada, while more modestly but significantly increasing over the southern oceans. For seven regions with significant AOD trends, this study examines the seasonal dependence, relationship to aerosol size parameters, and whether the sign or magnitude of these trends have changed. With high agreement among sensors, we are confident that the Dark Target AOD record can extend into the 2030s and beyond.
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spelling doaj-art-cf9efc46faa048ddb42efdc2c0c2301f2025-08-20T03:31:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2025-06-011310.3389/fenvs.2025.16021451602145An updated VIIRS dark target aerosol product for continuity with MODIS: assessing regional aerosol trendsVirginia Sawyer0Virginia Sawyer1Robert C. Levy2Shana Mattoo3Shana Mattoo4Yingxi R. Shi5Yingxi R. Shi6Mijin Kim7Mijin Kim8Lorraine A. Remer9Geoff Cureton10Science Systems and Applications (SSAI), Lanham, MD, United StatesClimate and Radiation Laboratory, NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD, United StatesClimate and Radiation Laboratory, NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD, United StatesScience Systems and Applications (SSAI), Lanham, MD, United StatesClimate and Radiation Laboratory, NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD, United StatesClimate and Radiation Laboratory, NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD, United StatesGoddard Earth Science Technology and Research (GESTAR) II, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United StatesClimate and Radiation Laboratory, NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD, United StatesGoddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research (GESTAR) II, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United StatesGoddard Earth Science Technology and Research (GESTAR) II, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United StatesSpace Science and Engineering Center (SSEC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United StatesAerosol optical depth (AOD) is a crucial data record to understand aerosols and their direct and indirect effects on air quality and climate forcing. The Dark Target aerosol retrieval product includes AOD and other properties derived from multispectral satellite imagers, available for MODIS on Terra (from 2000), MODIS on Aqua (from 2002), and VIIRS on Suomi-NPP (from 2012). Although Terra now has over 25 years of observations, the record must continue onto VIIRS beyond the end of the MODIS mission to meet requirements as a Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) climate data record. We present the recent update to version 2.0 of the VIIRS product, which now includes NOAA-20 VIIRS (from 2017) and algorithm improvements. The combined MODIS-VIIRS dataset is examined for consistency and to ascertain aerosol trends. Overall, the VIIRS products show consistency with the MODIS products. To assess regional trends, two time intervals are studied: a 22-year record that compares Terra and Aqua, and a more recent 12-year record (the VIIRS era) that compares three sensors. According to linear regressions of monthly average AOD for each global 1°×1° grid cell, AOD has decreased by between 0.003 and 0.01 per year over parts of China, the United States, Brazil, and much of Europe, while increasing on the same scale over India and parts of Canada, while more modestly but significantly increasing over the southern oceans. For seven regions with significant AOD trends, this study examines the seasonal dependence, relationship to aerosol size parameters, and whether the sign or magnitude of these trends have changed. With high agreement among sensors, we are confident that the Dark Target AOD record can extend into the 2030s and beyond.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1602145/fullmultispectral satellite remote sensingMODISVIIRScontinuitydark target algorithmaerosol optical depth (AOD)
spellingShingle Virginia Sawyer
Virginia Sawyer
Robert C. Levy
Shana Mattoo
Shana Mattoo
Yingxi R. Shi
Yingxi R. Shi
Mijin Kim
Mijin Kim
Lorraine A. Remer
Geoff Cureton
An updated VIIRS dark target aerosol product for continuity with MODIS: assessing regional aerosol trends
Frontiers in Environmental Science
multispectral satellite remote sensing
MODIS
VIIRS
continuity
dark target algorithm
aerosol optical depth (AOD)
title An updated VIIRS dark target aerosol product for continuity with MODIS: assessing regional aerosol trends
title_full An updated VIIRS dark target aerosol product for continuity with MODIS: assessing regional aerosol trends
title_fullStr An updated VIIRS dark target aerosol product for continuity with MODIS: assessing regional aerosol trends
title_full_unstemmed An updated VIIRS dark target aerosol product for continuity with MODIS: assessing regional aerosol trends
title_short An updated VIIRS dark target aerosol product for continuity with MODIS: assessing regional aerosol trends
title_sort updated viirs dark target aerosol product for continuity with modis assessing regional aerosol trends
topic multispectral satellite remote sensing
MODIS
VIIRS
continuity
dark target algorithm
aerosol optical depth (AOD)
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1602145/full
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