Quantum melting of generalized electron crystal in twisted bilayer MoSe2

Abstract Electrons can form an ordered solid crystal phase ascribed to the interplay between Coulomb repulsion and kinetic energy. Tuning these energy scales can drive a phase transition from electron solid to liquid, i.e., melting of Wigner crystal. Generalized Wigner crystals (GWCs) pinned to moir...

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Main Authors: Qi Jun Zong, Haolin Wang, Qi Zhang, Xinle Cheng, Yangchen He, Qiaoling Xu, Ammon Fischer, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Daniel A. Rhodes, Lede Xian, Dante M. Kennes, Angel Rubio, Geliang Yu, Lei Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59365-2
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author Qi Jun Zong
Haolin Wang
Qi Zhang
Xinle Cheng
Yangchen He
Qiaoling Xu
Ammon Fischer
Kenji Watanabe
Takashi Taniguchi
Daniel A. Rhodes
Lede Xian
Dante M. Kennes
Angel Rubio
Geliang Yu
Lei Wang
author_facet Qi Jun Zong
Haolin Wang
Qi Zhang
Xinle Cheng
Yangchen He
Qiaoling Xu
Ammon Fischer
Kenji Watanabe
Takashi Taniguchi
Daniel A. Rhodes
Lede Xian
Dante M. Kennes
Angel Rubio
Geliang Yu
Lei Wang
author_sort Qi Jun Zong
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Electrons can form an ordered solid crystal phase ascribed to the interplay between Coulomb repulsion and kinetic energy. Tuning these energy scales can drive a phase transition from electron solid to liquid, i.e., melting of Wigner crystal. Generalized Wigner crystals (GWCs) pinned to moiré superlattices have been reported by optical and scanning-probe-based methods. Using transport measurements to investigate GWCs is vital to a complete characterization, however, still poses a significant challenge due to difficulties in making reliable electrical contacts. Here, we report the electrical transport detection of GWCs at fractional fillings ν = 2/5, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 8/9, 10/9, and 4/3 in twisted bilayer MoSe2. We further observe that these GWCs undergo continuous quantum melting transitions to liquid phases by tuning doping density, magnetic and displacement fields, manifested by quantum critical scaling behaviors. Our findings establish twisted bilayer MoSe2 as a novel system to study strongly correlated states of matter and their quantum phase transitions.
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spelling doaj-art-cf9abbf600d346a6908ef92f0fe03ca62025-08-20T03:52:20ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-04-011611810.1038/s41467-025-59365-2Quantum melting of generalized electron crystal in twisted bilayer MoSe2Qi Jun Zong0Haolin Wang1Qi Zhang2Xinle Cheng3Yangchen He4Qiaoling Xu5Ammon Fischer6Kenji Watanabe7Takashi Taniguchi8Daniel A. Rhodes9Lede Xian10Dante M. Kennes11Angel Rubio12Geliang Yu13Lei Wang14National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing UniversitySchool of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian UniversityNational Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing UniversityInstitut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information TechnologyDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of WisconsinSongshan Lake Materials LaboratoryInstitut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information TechnologyResearch Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials ScienceResearch Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials ScienceDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of WisconsinSongshan Lake Materials LaboratoryInstitut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information TechnologyMax Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL)National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing UniversityNational Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing UniversityAbstract Electrons can form an ordered solid crystal phase ascribed to the interplay between Coulomb repulsion and kinetic energy. Tuning these energy scales can drive a phase transition from electron solid to liquid, i.e., melting of Wigner crystal. Generalized Wigner crystals (GWCs) pinned to moiré superlattices have been reported by optical and scanning-probe-based methods. Using transport measurements to investigate GWCs is vital to a complete characterization, however, still poses a significant challenge due to difficulties in making reliable electrical contacts. Here, we report the electrical transport detection of GWCs at fractional fillings ν = 2/5, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 8/9, 10/9, and 4/3 in twisted bilayer MoSe2. We further observe that these GWCs undergo continuous quantum melting transitions to liquid phases by tuning doping density, magnetic and displacement fields, manifested by quantum critical scaling behaviors. Our findings establish twisted bilayer MoSe2 as a novel system to study strongly correlated states of matter and their quantum phase transitions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59365-2
spellingShingle Qi Jun Zong
Haolin Wang
Qi Zhang
Xinle Cheng
Yangchen He
Qiaoling Xu
Ammon Fischer
Kenji Watanabe
Takashi Taniguchi
Daniel A. Rhodes
Lede Xian
Dante M. Kennes
Angel Rubio
Geliang Yu
Lei Wang
Quantum melting of generalized electron crystal in twisted bilayer MoSe2
Nature Communications
title Quantum melting of generalized electron crystal in twisted bilayer MoSe2
title_full Quantum melting of generalized electron crystal in twisted bilayer MoSe2
title_fullStr Quantum melting of generalized electron crystal in twisted bilayer MoSe2
title_full_unstemmed Quantum melting of generalized electron crystal in twisted bilayer MoSe2
title_short Quantum melting of generalized electron crystal in twisted bilayer MoSe2
title_sort quantum melting of generalized electron crystal in twisted bilayer mose2
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59365-2
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