Theoretical Research on the Combustion Characteristics of Ammonium Dinitramide-Based Non-Toxic Aerospace Propellant

Propellants play a crucial role in the propulsion systems of aerospace vehicles, and their combustion characteristics are susceptible to external environmental conditions. This study systematically investigated the impact of various initial conditions on the combustion process of ADN-based propellan...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jianhui Han, Ming Wen, Yanji Hong, Baosheng Du, Luyun Jiang, Haichao Cui, Gaoping Feng, Junling Song
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Aerospace
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/4/295
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Summary:Propellants play a crucial role in the propulsion systems of aerospace vehicles, and their combustion characteristics are susceptible to external environmental conditions. This study systematically investigated the impact of various initial conditions on the combustion process of ADN-based propellant, including combustion products, equilibrium pressure, adiabatic temperature, and ignition delay time. The results indicate that the primary combustion products of ADN-based propellant include N<sub>2</sub>O, N<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, OH, and others. ADN-based propellant exhibits a distinct two-stage combustion process under low pressure and temperature conditions (P<sub>0</sub> = 2 atm, T<sub>0</sub> = 586 K). Conversely, under high pressure and temperature conditions (P<sub>0</sub> = 10 atm, T<sub>0</sub> = 2930 K), the two stages of combustion occur almost simultaneously, making them difficult to distinguish. Furthermore, as the initial temperature increases, the ignition delay time decreases significantly, and the combustion rate accelerates. When the initial temperature rises from 400 K to 2800 K at a pressure of P<sub>0</sub> =10 atm, the ignition delay time decreases from 3.5 ms to 0.6 μs. Interestingly, changes in initial pressure have a relatively minor impact on the ignition delay time compared to changes in temperature. Therefore, temperature has a more crucial influence on the combustion characteristics of ADN-based propellant than pressure. This study holds promise for providing new combustion optimization strategies for the aerospace industry and promoting the development of aircraft designs towards higher performance and sustainability.
ISSN:2226-4310