A combinatorial oligonucleotide therapy to improve dystrophin restoration and dystrophin-deficient muscle health

Despite the proven safety of dystrophin-targeting phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) therapy, poor delivery of the PMOs limit the efficacy of this dystrophin restoring gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Limited myogenesis and excessive fibrosis in DMD are pathological feat...

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Main Authors: Young Jae Moon, Ravi Hindupur, Iteoluwakishi H. Gamu, Nikki M. McCormack, Fatima Shaikh, James S. Novak, Jyoti K. Jaiswal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Molecular Therapy: Nucleic Acids
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2162253125002197
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author Young Jae Moon
Ravi Hindupur
Iteoluwakishi H. Gamu
Nikki M. McCormack
Fatima Shaikh
James S. Novak
Jyoti K. Jaiswal
author_facet Young Jae Moon
Ravi Hindupur
Iteoluwakishi H. Gamu
Nikki M. McCormack
Fatima Shaikh
James S. Novak
Jyoti K. Jaiswal
author_sort Young Jae Moon
collection DOAJ
description Despite the proven safety of dystrophin-targeting phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) therapy, poor delivery of the PMOs limit the efficacy of this dystrophin restoring gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Limited myogenesis and excessive fibrosis in DMD are pathological features that contribute to the poor efficacy of PMOs. We show that the severe DMD mouse model (D2-mdx) not only replicates these pathological features of DMD but also mirrors the resulting PMO-mediated dystrophin restoration deficit. High transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) activity, which is a common feature of DMD patient and D2-mdx muscles, limits myogenesis and causes fibrosis. We developed a TGF-β-targeting PO (TPMO), which when used acutely, lowered macrophage TGF-β activity and signaling in the dystrophic muscle, enhanced muscle regeneration, and enhanced dystrophin restoration when used in combination with dystrophin exon skipping PMO (DPMO). Chronic use of this combination PMO therapy in D2-mdx mice reduced muscle fibrosis and muscle loss, allowed dystrophin restoration in skeletal muscle and heart, and led to an overall enhancement of skeletal muscle function. This approach leverages the safety of PMO-based therapy and represents the first combination PMO treatment for DMD that simultaneously enhances dystrophin restoration, reduces fibrosis, and alleviates myogenic deficits to ultimately improve health and function of dystrophic muscles.
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spelling doaj-art-cf8e2ad398bd40b08a4dcc25c4cf10802025-08-26T04:14:13ZengElsevierMolecular Therapy: Nucleic Acids2162-25312025-09-0136310266510.1016/j.omtn.2025.102665A combinatorial oligonucleotide therapy to improve dystrophin restoration and dystrophin-deficient muscle healthYoung Jae Moon0Ravi Hindupur1Iteoluwakishi H. Gamu2Nikki M. McCormack3Fatima Shaikh4James S. Novak5Jyoti K. Jaiswal6Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Research and Innovation Campus, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Orthopaedic Surgery, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University – Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; Institute for Medical Science of Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of KoreaCenter for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Research and Innovation Campus, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USACenter for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Research and Innovation Campus, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USACenter for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Research and Innovation Campus, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USACenter for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Research and Innovation Campus, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USACenter for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Research and Innovation Campus, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Corresponding author: James S. Novak, Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Research and Innovation Campus, 7144 13th Pl, NW, Washington, DC 20012, USA.Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Research and Innovation Campus, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Corresponding author: Jyoti K. Jaiswal, Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Research and Innovation Campus, 7144 13th Pl, NW, Washington, DC 20012, USA.Despite the proven safety of dystrophin-targeting phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) therapy, poor delivery of the PMOs limit the efficacy of this dystrophin restoring gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Limited myogenesis and excessive fibrosis in DMD are pathological features that contribute to the poor efficacy of PMOs. We show that the severe DMD mouse model (D2-mdx) not only replicates these pathological features of DMD but also mirrors the resulting PMO-mediated dystrophin restoration deficit. High transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) activity, which is a common feature of DMD patient and D2-mdx muscles, limits myogenesis and causes fibrosis. We developed a TGF-β-targeting PO (TPMO), which when used acutely, lowered macrophage TGF-β activity and signaling in the dystrophic muscle, enhanced muscle regeneration, and enhanced dystrophin restoration when used in combination with dystrophin exon skipping PMO (DPMO). Chronic use of this combination PMO therapy in D2-mdx mice reduced muscle fibrosis and muscle loss, allowed dystrophin restoration in skeletal muscle and heart, and led to an overall enhancement of skeletal muscle function. This approach leverages the safety of PMO-based therapy and represents the first combination PMO treatment for DMD that simultaneously enhances dystrophin restoration, reduces fibrosis, and alleviates myogenic deficits to ultimately improve health and function of dystrophic muscles.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2162253125002197MT: Oligonucleotides: Therapies and ApplicationsDuchenne muscular dystrophy, DMDfibrosismyogenesisinflammationfibroadipogenic
spellingShingle Young Jae Moon
Ravi Hindupur
Iteoluwakishi H. Gamu
Nikki M. McCormack
Fatima Shaikh
James S. Novak
Jyoti K. Jaiswal
A combinatorial oligonucleotide therapy to improve dystrophin restoration and dystrophin-deficient muscle health
Molecular Therapy: Nucleic Acids
MT: Oligonucleotides: Therapies and Applications
Duchenne muscular dystrophy, DMD
fibrosis
myogenesis
inflammation
fibroadipogenic
title A combinatorial oligonucleotide therapy to improve dystrophin restoration and dystrophin-deficient muscle health
title_full A combinatorial oligonucleotide therapy to improve dystrophin restoration and dystrophin-deficient muscle health
title_fullStr A combinatorial oligonucleotide therapy to improve dystrophin restoration and dystrophin-deficient muscle health
title_full_unstemmed A combinatorial oligonucleotide therapy to improve dystrophin restoration and dystrophin-deficient muscle health
title_short A combinatorial oligonucleotide therapy to improve dystrophin restoration and dystrophin-deficient muscle health
title_sort combinatorial oligonucleotide therapy to improve dystrophin restoration and dystrophin deficient muscle health
topic MT: Oligonucleotides: Therapies and Applications
Duchenne muscular dystrophy, DMD
fibrosis
myogenesis
inflammation
fibroadipogenic
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2162253125002197
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