Enhancing antibiotic therapy through comprehensive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles

Antibiotic therapy relies on understanding both pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), which respectively address drug absorption, distribution, and elimination, and the relationship between drug concentration and antimicrobial efficacy. This review synthesizes decades of research, drawing...

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Main Authors: Mohammad Sina Alikhani, Mohsen Nazari, Shima Hatamkhani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1521091/full
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author Mohammad Sina Alikhani
Mohsen Nazari
Mohsen Nazari
Shima Hatamkhani
author_facet Mohammad Sina Alikhani
Mohsen Nazari
Mohsen Nazari
Shima Hatamkhani
author_sort Mohammad Sina Alikhani
collection DOAJ
description Antibiotic therapy relies on understanding both pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), which respectively address drug absorption, distribution, and elimination, and the relationship between drug concentration and antimicrobial efficacy. This review synthesizes decades of research, drawing from in-vitro studies, in-vivo models, and clinical observations, to elucidate the temporal dynamics of antibiotic activity. We explore how these dynamics, including concentration-effect relationships and post antibiotic effects, inform the classification of antibiotics based on their PD profiles. Additionally, we discuss the pivotal role of PK/PD principles in determining optimal dosage regimens. By providing a comprehensive overview of PK/PD principles in antibiotic therapy, this review aims to enhance understanding and improve treatment outcomes in clinical practice.
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series Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
spelling doaj-art-cf8b467fc5a44f54af88ef2c389f514f2025-08-20T03:11:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882025-02-011510.3389/fcimb.2025.15210911521091Enhancing antibiotic therapy through comprehensive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principlesMohammad Sina Alikhani0Mohsen Nazari1Mohsen Nazari2Shima Hatamkhani3Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, IranDepartment of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranInfectious Disease Research Center, Avicenna Institute of Clinical Sciences, Avicenna Health Research Institute, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, IranAntibiotic therapy relies on understanding both pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), which respectively address drug absorption, distribution, and elimination, and the relationship between drug concentration and antimicrobial efficacy. This review synthesizes decades of research, drawing from in-vitro studies, in-vivo models, and clinical observations, to elucidate the temporal dynamics of antibiotic activity. We explore how these dynamics, including concentration-effect relationships and post antibiotic effects, inform the classification of antibiotics based on their PD profiles. Additionally, we discuss the pivotal role of PK/PD principles in determining optimal dosage regimens. By providing a comprehensive overview of PK/PD principles in antibiotic therapy, this review aims to enhance understanding and improve treatment outcomes in clinical practice.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1521091/fullpharmacokineticpharmacodynamicantibioticsantimicrobial efficacypost-antibiotic effect
spellingShingle Mohammad Sina Alikhani
Mohsen Nazari
Mohsen Nazari
Shima Hatamkhani
Enhancing antibiotic therapy through comprehensive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
pharmacokinetic
pharmacodynamic
antibiotics
antimicrobial efficacy
post-antibiotic effect
title Enhancing antibiotic therapy through comprehensive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles
title_full Enhancing antibiotic therapy through comprehensive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles
title_fullStr Enhancing antibiotic therapy through comprehensive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing antibiotic therapy through comprehensive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles
title_short Enhancing antibiotic therapy through comprehensive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles
title_sort enhancing antibiotic therapy through comprehensive pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic principles
topic pharmacokinetic
pharmacodynamic
antibiotics
antimicrobial efficacy
post-antibiotic effect
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1521091/full
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AT mohsennazari enhancingantibiotictherapythroughcomprehensivepharmacokineticpharmacodynamicprinciples
AT mohsennazari enhancingantibiotictherapythroughcomprehensivepharmacokineticpharmacodynamicprinciples
AT shimahatamkhani enhancingantibiotictherapythroughcomprehensivepharmacokineticpharmacodynamicprinciples