Societal uses of the main water bodies inhabited by malaria vectors and implications for larval source management
Abstract Background Larval source management (LSM) effectively reduces mosquito populations at their breeding sites, addressing issues like insecticide resistance that limit the effectiveness of primary interventions such as insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Although traditionally used in urban and d...
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2024-11-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-024-05154-z |
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| author | Najat F. Kahamba Felista S. Tarimo Khamisi Kifungo Winifrida Mponzi Siaba A. Kinunda Alfred Simfukwe Salum Mapua Betwel Msugupakulya Francesco Baldini Heather M. Ferguson Fredros O. Okumu Marceline F. Finda |
| author_facet | Najat F. Kahamba Felista S. Tarimo Khamisi Kifungo Winifrida Mponzi Siaba A. Kinunda Alfred Simfukwe Salum Mapua Betwel Msugupakulya Francesco Baldini Heather M. Ferguson Fredros O. Okumu Marceline F. Finda |
| author_sort | Najat F. Kahamba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Larval source management (LSM) effectively reduces mosquito populations at their breeding sites, addressing issues like insecticide resistance that limit the effectiveness of primary interventions such as insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Although traditionally used in urban and dry areas, recent research suggests it might also be effective in rural settings in eastern and southern Africa, where Anopheles funestus thrives in permanent water bodies that sustain year-round transmission. Targeting these habitats could enhance LSM, but it requires understanding local community practices, as mosquito breeding sites often overlap with community water resources. This study examined how communities use aquatic habitats and how these practices may impact LSM strategies, with a focus on habitats used by An. funestus. Methods This study was conducted in three villages in the Ulanga and Malinyi districts of southeastern Tanzania using a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data were collected through cross-sectional surveillance, and qualitative data through unstructured interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations. Data analysis integrated both quantitative and qualitative findings to develop a comprehensive understanding of community perspectives. Results A survey of 931 aquatic habitats found mosquito larvae in 73% of them, with late instar An. funestus present in 23%. River streams made up 41% of the habitats, while ground pools accounted for 4%. Most habitats (90%) were used by communities, including 95% of those with An. funestus larvae, for activities such as domestic chores, agriculture, livestock rearing, brickmaking, and fishing. Focus group discussions revealed a willingness to adopt LSM, with a preference for larviciding and habitat modification over habitat removal, as the water sources were vital for daily use. Community concerns centered on the safety of larvicides for humans and animals, the environmental impact, and the need for better awareness of how LSM affects health and livelihoods. Conclusion This study highlights community perspectives on LSM, focusing on the dual function of aquatic habitats as mosquito breeding sites and essential community water sources. This dual role presents both challenges and opportunities, suggesting that LSM strategies must balance public health needs with socio-economic realities. There was a clear preference for larviciding and habitat modification over removal, with a strong emphasis on health and environmental safety. The study emphasizes the importance of educating communities on the safety and effectiveness of LSM, and tailoring LSM strategies to fit the needs and preferences of local communities. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cf866653138145ba8d8e0c7dfc040932 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-cf866653138145ba8d8e0c7dfc0409322025-08-20T02:50:00ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752024-11-0123111810.1186/s12936-024-05154-zSocietal uses of the main water bodies inhabited by malaria vectors and implications for larval source managementNajat F. Kahamba0Felista S. Tarimo1Khamisi Kifungo2Winifrida Mponzi3Siaba A. Kinunda4Alfred Simfukwe5Salum Mapua6Betwel Msugupakulya7Francesco Baldini8Heather M. Ferguson9Fredros O. Okumu10Marceline F. Finda11Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health InstituteEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health InstituteEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health InstituteEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health InstituteEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health InstituteEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health InstituteEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health InstituteEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health InstituteEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health InstituteSchool of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine, University of GlasgowEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health InstituteEnvironmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health InstituteAbstract Background Larval source management (LSM) effectively reduces mosquito populations at their breeding sites, addressing issues like insecticide resistance that limit the effectiveness of primary interventions such as insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Although traditionally used in urban and dry areas, recent research suggests it might also be effective in rural settings in eastern and southern Africa, where Anopheles funestus thrives in permanent water bodies that sustain year-round transmission. Targeting these habitats could enhance LSM, but it requires understanding local community practices, as mosquito breeding sites often overlap with community water resources. This study examined how communities use aquatic habitats and how these practices may impact LSM strategies, with a focus on habitats used by An. funestus. Methods This study was conducted in three villages in the Ulanga and Malinyi districts of southeastern Tanzania using a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data were collected through cross-sectional surveillance, and qualitative data through unstructured interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations. Data analysis integrated both quantitative and qualitative findings to develop a comprehensive understanding of community perspectives. Results A survey of 931 aquatic habitats found mosquito larvae in 73% of them, with late instar An. funestus present in 23%. River streams made up 41% of the habitats, while ground pools accounted for 4%. Most habitats (90%) were used by communities, including 95% of those with An. funestus larvae, for activities such as domestic chores, agriculture, livestock rearing, brickmaking, and fishing. Focus group discussions revealed a willingness to adopt LSM, with a preference for larviciding and habitat modification over habitat removal, as the water sources were vital for daily use. Community concerns centered on the safety of larvicides for humans and animals, the environmental impact, and the need for better awareness of how LSM affects health and livelihoods. Conclusion This study highlights community perspectives on LSM, focusing on the dual function of aquatic habitats as mosquito breeding sites and essential community water sources. This dual role presents both challenges and opportunities, suggesting that LSM strategies must balance public health needs with socio-economic realities. There was a clear preference for larviciding and habitat modification over removal, with a strong emphasis on health and environmental safety. The study emphasizes the importance of educating communities on the safety and effectiveness of LSM, and tailoring LSM strategies to fit the needs and preferences of local communities.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-024-05154-zAnopheles funestusMalaria controlAquatic habitatsCommunity practicesVector controlLarviciding |
| spellingShingle | Najat F. Kahamba Felista S. Tarimo Khamisi Kifungo Winifrida Mponzi Siaba A. Kinunda Alfred Simfukwe Salum Mapua Betwel Msugupakulya Francesco Baldini Heather M. Ferguson Fredros O. Okumu Marceline F. Finda Societal uses of the main water bodies inhabited by malaria vectors and implications for larval source management Malaria Journal Anopheles funestus Malaria control Aquatic habitats Community practices Vector control Larviciding |
| title | Societal uses of the main water bodies inhabited by malaria vectors and implications for larval source management |
| title_full | Societal uses of the main water bodies inhabited by malaria vectors and implications for larval source management |
| title_fullStr | Societal uses of the main water bodies inhabited by malaria vectors and implications for larval source management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Societal uses of the main water bodies inhabited by malaria vectors and implications for larval source management |
| title_short | Societal uses of the main water bodies inhabited by malaria vectors and implications for larval source management |
| title_sort | societal uses of the main water bodies inhabited by malaria vectors and implications for larval source management |
| topic | Anopheles funestus Malaria control Aquatic habitats Community practices Vector control Larviciding |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-024-05154-z |
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