Identification and Pathogenicity of Causal Agents of Apple Canker Disease in Kazakhstan
Apples are widely consumed by people all over the world due to their taste and nutritional value. However, apple trees are prone to various environmental stresses, including fungal diseases. Among them, Cytospora canker (or Valsa canker) can cause dieback of branches and twigs. Although Kazakhstan i...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Zhanar Tulegenova Ulbike Amanbayeva Aida M. Shalabayeva Dina Yelyubayeva Alikhan Zhaxylykov Rabiga Uakhit Ainura Smagulova Vladimir Kiyan Kazbek Dyussembayev Gulzhamal Mukiyanova |
| author_facet | Zhanar Tulegenova Ulbike Amanbayeva Aida M. Shalabayeva Dina Yelyubayeva Alikhan Zhaxylykov Rabiga Uakhit Ainura Smagulova Vladimir Kiyan Kazbek Dyussembayev Gulzhamal Mukiyanova |
| author_sort | Zhanar Tulegenova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Apples are widely consumed by people all over the world due to their taste and nutritional value. However, apple trees are prone to various environmental stresses, including fungal diseases. Among them, Cytospora canker (or Valsa canker) can cause dieback of branches and twigs. Although Kazakhstan is well known as an origin of apples, very little is known about canker diseases that spread across all commercial orchards. Therefore, an accurate identification of the causal agents of those diseases is needed for further application of informed disease management strategies. In this study, eleven isolates belonging to four <i>Cytospora</i> species were isolated from multiple cultivars, grown in six different orchards within the Almaty region, Kazakhstan. As a result of a multilocus phylogenetic analysis using ITS, LSU and <i>tef1-α</i> marker genes and morphological characterization, these isolates were described as <i>Cytospora parasitica</i>, <i>Cytospora sorbina</i>, <i>Cytospora pruinopsis</i> and <i>Cytospora chrysosperma</i>. Moreover, a pathogenicity test was conducted on detached twigs, and it demonstrated that two of these fungi were highly virulent. Overall, this paper is a first report of the causal agents of apple canker disease in Kazakhstan and could be a trigger for conducting future studies to better understand the disease epidemiology, as well as build management strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cf66f7b3abd44f8aaa98c4c86b388166 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj-art-cf66f7b3abd44f8aaa98c4c86b3881662025-01-24T13:34:35ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242025-01-011114510.3390/horticulturae11010045Identification and Pathogenicity of Causal Agents of Apple Canker Disease in KazakhstanZhanar Tulegenova0Ulbike Amanbayeva1Aida M. Shalabayeva2Dina Yelyubayeva3Alikhan Zhaxylykov4Rabiga Uakhit5Ainura Smagulova6Vladimir Kiyan7Kazbek Dyussembayev8Gulzhamal Mukiyanova9Laboratory of Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, KazakhstanLaboratory of Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, KazakhstanDepartment of Biotechnology and Microbiology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, KazakhstanLaboratory of Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, KazakhstanLaboratory of Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, KazakhstanLaboratory of Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, KazakhstanLaboratory of Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, KazakhstanLaboratory of Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, KazakhstanLaboratory of Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, KazakhstanLaboratory of Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, KazakhstanApples are widely consumed by people all over the world due to their taste and nutritional value. However, apple trees are prone to various environmental stresses, including fungal diseases. Among them, Cytospora canker (or Valsa canker) can cause dieback of branches and twigs. Although Kazakhstan is well known as an origin of apples, very little is known about canker diseases that spread across all commercial orchards. Therefore, an accurate identification of the causal agents of those diseases is needed for further application of informed disease management strategies. In this study, eleven isolates belonging to four <i>Cytospora</i> species were isolated from multiple cultivars, grown in six different orchards within the Almaty region, Kazakhstan. As a result of a multilocus phylogenetic analysis using ITS, LSU and <i>tef1-α</i> marker genes and morphological characterization, these isolates were described as <i>Cytospora parasitica</i>, <i>Cytospora sorbina</i>, <i>Cytospora pruinopsis</i> and <i>Cytospora chrysosperma</i>. Moreover, a pathogenicity test was conducted on detached twigs, and it demonstrated that two of these fungi were highly virulent. Overall, this paper is a first report of the causal agents of apple canker disease in Kazakhstan and could be a trigger for conducting future studies to better understand the disease epidemiology, as well as build management strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/1/45appleCytospora cankerphylogeneticspathogenicity<i>Malus domestica</i> |
| spellingShingle | Zhanar Tulegenova Ulbike Amanbayeva Aida M. Shalabayeva Dina Yelyubayeva Alikhan Zhaxylykov Rabiga Uakhit Ainura Smagulova Vladimir Kiyan Kazbek Dyussembayev Gulzhamal Mukiyanova Identification and Pathogenicity of Causal Agents of Apple Canker Disease in Kazakhstan Horticulturae apple Cytospora canker phylogenetics pathogenicity <i>Malus domestica</i> |
| title | Identification and Pathogenicity of Causal Agents of Apple Canker Disease in Kazakhstan |
| title_full | Identification and Pathogenicity of Causal Agents of Apple Canker Disease in Kazakhstan |
| title_fullStr | Identification and Pathogenicity of Causal Agents of Apple Canker Disease in Kazakhstan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification and Pathogenicity of Causal Agents of Apple Canker Disease in Kazakhstan |
| title_short | Identification and Pathogenicity of Causal Agents of Apple Canker Disease in Kazakhstan |
| title_sort | identification and pathogenicity of causal agents of apple canker disease in kazakhstan |
| topic | apple Cytospora canker phylogenetics pathogenicity <i>Malus domestica</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/1/45 |
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