Serum CS/DS, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 as Biomarkers of Cartilage Remodeling in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications

Cartilage destruction in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is diagnosed, often too late, on basis of clinical evaluation and radiographic imaging. This case–control study investigated serum chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) as a potential biochemical marker of cartilage metabolism, aiming to im...

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Main Authors: Katarzyna Winsz-Szczotka, Kornelia Kuźnik-Trocha, Ewa M. Koźma, Bogusław Żegleń, Anna Gruenpeter, Grzegorz Wisowski, Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev, Krystyna Olczyk
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Biomolecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/12/1526
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author Katarzyna Winsz-Szczotka
Kornelia Kuźnik-Trocha
Ewa M. Koźma
Bogusław Żegleń
Anna Gruenpeter
Grzegorz Wisowski
Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev
Krystyna Olczyk
author_facet Katarzyna Winsz-Szczotka
Kornelia Kuźnik-Trocha
Ewa M. Koźma
Bogusław Żegleń
Anna Gruenpeter
Grzegorz Wisowski
Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev
Krystyna Olczyk
author_sort Katarzyna Winsz-Szczotka
collection DOAJ
description Cartilage destruction in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is diagnosed, often too late, on basis of clinical evaluation and radiographic imaging. This case–control study investigated serum chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) as a potential biochemical marker of cartilage metabolism, aiming to improve early diagnosis and precision treatment for JIA. We also measured the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) (using ELISA methods) in JIA patients (<i>n</i> = 55) both before and after treatment (prednisone, sulfasalazine, methotrexate, administered together), and analyzed their relationships with CS/DS levels. Untreated JIA patients [8.26 µg/mL (6.25–9.66)], especially untreated girls [8.57 µg/mL (8.13–9.78)] and patients with a polyarticular form of the disease [7.09 µg/mL (5.63–8.41)], had significantly reduced levels of serum CS/DS compared with the control [14.48 µg/mL (10.23–15.77)]. Therapy resulted in a significant increase in this parameter, but without normalization. We also found significantly lower levels of IGF-1 [66.04 ng/mL (49.45–96.80)] and IGFBP-3 [3.37 ng/mL (2.65–4.88)] in untreated patients compared with the control [96.92 ng/mL (76.04–128.59), 4.84 ng/mL (4.21–7.750), respectively]. Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the blood concentration of CS/DS demonstrated the highest diagnostic power (AUC = 0.947) for JIA among all the tested markers. Untreated patients showed significant correlations between CS/DS and IGF-1 (r = −0.579, <i>p</i> = 0.0000), IGFBP-3 (r = −0.506, <i>p</i> = 0.0001), and C-reactive protein (r = 0.601, <i>p</i> = 0.0005). The observed changes in CS/DS during the course of JIA, influenced by both impairment of the IGF/IGFBP axis and inflammation, indicate the need for continued therapy to protect patients from potential disability. We suggest that CS/DS may be a useful biomarker of disease activity and could be employed to assess treatment efficacy and progress toward remission.
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spelling doaj-art-cf620d1e9e0343fe9428c482ec5f48cf2025-08-20T02:01:04ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2024-11-011412152610.3390/biom14121526Serum CS/DS, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 as Biomarkers of Cartilage Remodeling in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic ImplicationsKatarzyna Winsz-Szczotka0Kornelia Kuźnik-Trocha1Ewa M. Koźma2Bogusław Żegleń3Anna Gruenpeter4Grzegorz Wisowski5Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev6Krystyna Olczyk7Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandDepartment of Rheumatology, The John Paul II Pediatric Center in Sosnowiec, ul. Gabrieli Zapolskiej 3, 41-218 Sosnowiec, PolandDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandCartilage destruction in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is diagnosed, often too late, on basis of clinical evaluation and radiographic imaging. This case–control study investigated serum chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) as a potential biochemical marker of cartilage metabolism, aiming to improve early diagnosis and precision treatment for JIA. We also measured the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) (using ELISA methods) in JIA patients (<i>n</i> = 55) both before and after treatment (prednisone, sulfasalazine, methotrexate, administered together), and analyzed their relationships with CS/DS levels. Untreated JIA patients [8.26 µg/mL (6.25–9.66)], especially untreated girls [8.57 µg/mL (8.13–9.78)] and patients with a polyarticular form of the disease [7.09 µg/mL (5.63–8.41)], had significantly reduced levels of serum CS/DS compared with the control [14.48 µg/mL (10.23–15.77)]. Therapy resulted in a significant increase in this parameter, but without normalization. We also found significantly lower levels of IGF-1 [66.04 ng/mL (49.45–96.80)] and IGFBP-3 [3.37 ng/mL (2.65–4.88)] in untreated patients compared with the control [96.92 ng/mL (76.04–128.59), 4.84 ng/mL (4.21–7.750), respectively]. Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the blood concentration of CS/DS demonstrated the highest diagnostic power (AUC = 0.947) for JIA among all the tested markers. Untreated patients showed significant correlations between CS/DS and IGF-1 (r = −0.579, <i>p</i> = 0.0000), IGFBP-3 (r = −0.506, <i>p</i> = 0.0001), and C-reactive protein (r = 0.601, <i>p</i> = 0.0005). The observed changes in CS/DS during the course of JIA, influenced by both impairment of the IGF/IGFBP axis and inflammation, indicate the need for continued therapy to protect patients from potential disability. We suggest that CS/DS may be a useful biomarker of disease activity and could be employed to assess treatment efficacy and progress toward remission.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/12/1526juvenile idiopathic arthritiscartilage metabolismextracellular matrixchondroitin sulfatedermatan sulfateIGF-1/IGFBP-3 axis
spellingShingle Katarzyna Winsz-Szczotka
Kornelia Kuźnik-Trocha
Ewa M. Koźma
Bogusław Żegleń
Anna Gruenpeter
Grzegorz Wisowski
Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev
Krystyna Olczyk
Serum CS/DS, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 as Biomarkers of Cartilage Remodeling in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications
Biomolecules
juvenile idiopathic arthritis
cartilage metabolism
extracellular matrix
chondroitin sulfate
dermatan sulfate
IGF-1/IGFBP-3 axis
title Serum CS/DS, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 as Biomarkers of Cartilage Remodeling in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications
title_full Serum CS/DS, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 as Biomarkers of Cartilage Remodeling in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications
title_fullStr Serum CS/DS, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 as Biomarkers of Cartilage Remodeling in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications
title_full_unstemmed Serum CS/DS, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 as Biomarkers of Cartilage Remodeling in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications
title_short Serum CS/DS, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 as Biomarkers of Cartilage Remodeling in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications
title_sort serum cs ds igf 1 and igfbp 3 as biomarkers of cartilage remodeling in juvenile idiopathic arthritis diagnostic and therapeutic implications
topic juvenile idiopathic arthritis
cartilage metabolism
extracellular matrix
chondroitin sulfate
dermatan sulfate
IGF-1/IGFBP-3 axis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/12/1526
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