Palladium-supported Fe3O4@SiO2 functionalized methyl 2-phenyl thioacetate as a sustainable catalyst for Isatins synthesis
Abstract The researchers have actively developed sustainable catalysis processes, placing a strong emphasis on heterogeneous catalysts to reduce the use of toxic solvents and reagents, as well as to mitigate hazardous reactions and streamline time-consuming separations, over the past two decades. Pr...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00775-z |
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| author | Abolfazl Mohammadkhani Reza Samizad Akbar Heydari |
| author_facet | Abolfazl Mohammadkhani Reza Samizad Akbar Heydari |
| author_sort | Abolfazl Mohammadkhani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The researchers have actively developed sustainable catalysis processes, placing a strong emphasis on heterogeneous catalysts to reduce the use of toxic solvents and reagents, as well as to mitigate hazardous reactions and streamline time-consuming separations, over the past two decades. Preserving active sites has become a critical focus area during this period. This study centered on synthesizing and evaluating Fe3O4@SiO2-SD@Pd, assessing its efficacy and reusability. A comprehensive suite of characterization techniques was employed, including FT-IR, TGA, FE-SEM, VSM, TEM, BET, ICP, EDS, mapping, and XRD. The results demonstrate that Fe3O4@SiO2-SD@Pd is effective for both Isatin Heck, C-H activation, and cycloaddition reactions under moderate conditions, yielding between 78% and 88%. Notably, this catalyst exhibits simultaneous activity in both reactions within a DMF-H₂O solvent mixture at lower temperatures. The mercury poisoning test confirmed that the reaction proceeds via the Pd (0)/Pd (+2) mechanism. Furthermore, the catalyst is environmentally benign and retains its efficiency over five reuse cycles without significant loss. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cf4977d0f3694dd7899a512ebb8e9ea2 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-cf4977d0f3694dd7899a512ebb8e9ea22025-08-20T02:32:07ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-00775-zPalladium-supported Fe3O4@SiO2 functionalized methyl 2-phenyl thioacetate as a sustainable catalyst for Isatins synthesisAbolfazl Mohammadkhani0Reza Samizad1Akbar Heydari2Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares UniversityAbstract The researchers have actively developed sustainable catalysis processes, placing a strong emphasis on heterogeneous catalysts to reduce the use of toxic solvents and reagents, as well as to mitigate hazardous reactions and streamline time-consuming separations, over the past two decades. Preserving active sites has become a critical focus area during this period. This study centered on synthesizing and evaluating Fe3O4@SiO2-SD@Pd, assessing its efficacy and reusability. A comprehensive suite of characterization techniques was employed, including FT-IR, TGA, FE-SEM, VSM, TEM, BET, ICP, EDS, mapping, and XRD. The results demonstrate that Fe3O4@SiO2-SD@Pd is effective for both Isatin Heck, C-H activation, and cycloaddition reactions under moderate conditions, yielding between 78% and 88%. Notably, this catalyst exhibits simultaneous activity in both reactions within a DMF-H₂O solvent mixture at lower temperatures. The mercury poisoning test confirmed that the reaction proceeds via the Pd (0)/Pd (+2) mechanism. Furthermore, the catalyst is environmentally benign and retains its efficiency over five reuse cycles without significant loss.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00775-zPalladium-supportedMethyl 2-(phenylthio)Dual Isatin heck reactionPd-catalyzedC-H arylation |
| spellingShingle | Abolfazl Mohammadkhani Reza Samizad Akbar Heydari Palladium-supported Fe3O4@SiO2 functionalized methyl 2-phenyl thioacetate as a sustainable catalyst for Isatins synthesis Scientific Reports Palladium-supported Methyl 2-(phenylthio) Dual Isatin heck reaction Pd-catalyzed C-H arylation |
| title | Palladium-supported Fe3O4@SiO2 functionalized methyl 2-phenyl thioacetate as a sustainable catalyst for Isatins synthesis |
| title_full | Palladium-supported Fe3O4@SiO2 functionalized methyl 2-phenyl thioacetate as a sustainable catalyst for Isatins synthesis |
| title_fullStr | Palladium-supported Fe3O4@SiO2 functionalized methyl 2-phenyl thioacetate as a sustainable catalyst for Isatins synthesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Palladium-supported Fe3O4@SiO2 functionalized methyl 2-phenyl thioacetate as a sustainable catalyst for Isatins synthesis |
| title_short | Palladium-supported Fe3O4@SiO2 functionalized methyl 2-phenyl thioacetate as a sustainable catalyst for Isatins synthesis |
| title_sort | palladium supported fe3o4 sio2 functionalized methyl 2 phenyl thioacetate as a sustainable catalyst for isatins synthesis |
| topic | Palladium-supported Methyl 2-(phenylthio) Dual Isatin heck reaction Pd-catalyzed C-H arylation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00775-z |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT abolfazlmohammadkhani palladiumsupportedfe3o4sio2functionalizedmethyl2phenylthioacetateasasustainablecatalystforisatinssynthesis AT rezasamizad palladiumsupportedfe3o4sio2functionalizedmethyl2phenylthioacetateasasustainablecatalystforisatinssynthesis AT akbarheydari palladiumsupportedfe3o4sio2functionalizedmethyl2phenylthioacetateasasustainablecatalystforisatinssynthesis |