Improving the heterotrophic media of three Chlorella vulgaris mutants toward optimal color, biomass and protein productivity

Abstract The high production costs and unappealing sensory properties still limit the widespread commercialization of microalgae feedstocks. Therefore, this work focused on fine-tuning the heterotrophic medium composition to cultivate novel green, yellow, and white Chlorella vulgaris mutant strains....

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Main Authors: Mafalda Trovão, Miguel Cunha, Gonçalo Espírito Santo, Humberto Pedroso, Ana Reis, Ana Barros, Nádia Correia, Lisa Schüler, Monya Costa, Sara Ferreira, Helena Cardoso, Márcia Ventura, João Varela, Joana Silva, Filomena Freitas, Hugo Pereira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05913-1
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author Mafalda Trovão
Miguel Cunha
Gonçalo Espírito Santo
Humberto Pedroso
Ana Reis
Ana Barros
Nádia Correia
Lisa Schüler
Monya Costa
Sara Ferreira
Helena Cardoso
Márcia Ventura
João Varela
Joana Silva
Filomena Freitas
Hugo Pereira
author_facet Mafalda Trovão
Miguel Cunha
Gonçalo Espírito Santo
Humberto Pedroso
Ana Reis
Ana Barros
Nádia Correia
Lisa Schüler
Monya Costa
Sara Ferreira
Helena Cardoso
Márcia Ventura
João Varela
Joana Silva
Filomena Freitas
Hugo Pereira
author_sort Mafalda Trovão
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The high production costs and unappealing sensory properties still limit the widespread commercialization of microalgae feedstocks. Therefore, this work focused on fine-tuning the heterotrophic medium composition to cultivate novel green, yellow, and white Chlorella vulgaris mutant strains. Screening assays were carried out to select the most significant factors, and different nutrient concentrations were optimized by modelling biomass and protein productivity, specific growth rate, and color, via response surface methodology. The biomass and protein productivities achieved by these strains were improved by up to 70% and 94%, respectively. Additionally, biomass color was correlated with medium composition for the first time, allowing the improvement of the yellow and white mutant colorations by 20%. Overall, the findings of this study are vital to overcoming the challenges of the biobased industry, allowing the enhancement of the cost-effectiveness, attractiveness, and nutritional profiles of microalgae-based products in different markets and applications.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-cf3ee0bdd379491eb2a88967472ed5532025-08-20T04:01:34ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-05913-1Improving the heterotrophic media of three Chlorella vulgaris mutants toward optimal color, biomass and protein productivityMafalda Trovão0Miguel Cunha1Gonçalo Espírito Santo2Humberto Pedroso3Ana Reis4Ana Barros5Nádia Correia6Lisa Schüler7Monya Costa8Sara Ferreira9Helena Cardoso10Márcia Ventura11João Varela12Joana Silva13Filomena Freitas14Hugo Pereira15R&D Department, Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.ADepartment of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, LAQV-REQUIMTE, NOVA University LisbonR&D Department, Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.AR&D Department, Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.AR&D Department, Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.AR&D Department, Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.AR&D Department, Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.AGreenCoLab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of AlgarveGreenCoLab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of AlgarveGreenCoLab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of AlgarveR&D Department, Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.ADepartment of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, LAQV-REQUIMTE, NOVA University LisbonGreenCoLab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of AlgarveGreenCoLab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of AlgarveAssociate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University LisbonGreenCoLab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of AlgarveAbstract The high production costs and unappealing sensory properties still limit the widespread commercialization of microalgae feedstocks. Therefore, this work focused on fine-tuning the heterotrophic medium composition to cultivate novel green, yellow, and white Chlorella vulgaris mutant strains. Screening assays were carried out to select the most significant factors, and different nutrient concentrations were optimized by modelling biomass and protein productivity, specific growth rate, and color, via response surface methodology. The biomass and protein productivities achieved by these strains were improved by up to 70% and 94%, respectively. Additionally, biomass color was correlated with medium composition for the first time, allowing the improvement of the yellow and white mutant colorations by 20%. Overall, the findings of this study are vital to overcoming the challenges of the biobased industry, allowing the enhancement of the cost-effectiveness, attractiveness, and nutritional profiles of microalgae-based products in different markets and applications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05913-1Biomass colorBiomass and protein productivityCulture medium optimizationMicroalgaeRandom mutagenesisSurface response methodology
spellingShingle Mafalda Trovão
Miguel Cunha
Gonçalo Espírito Santo
Humberto Pedroso
Ana Reis
Ana Barros
Nádia Correia
Lisa Schüler
Monya Costa
Sara Ferreira
Helena Cardoso
Márcia Ventura
João Varela
Joana Silva
Filomena Freitas
Hugo Pereira
Improving the heterotrophic media of three Chlorella vulgaris mutants toward optimal color, biomass and protein productivity
Scientific Reports
Biomass color
Biomass and protein productivity
Culture medium optimization
Microalgae
Random mutagenesis
Surface response methodology
title Improving the heterotrophic media of three Chlorella vulgaris mutants toward optimal color, biomass and protein productivity
title_full Improving the heterotrophic media of three Chlorella vulgaris mutants toward optimal color, biomass and protein productivity
title_fullStr Improving the heterotrophic media of three Chlorella vulgaris mutants toward optimal color, biomass and protein productivity
title_full_unstemmed Improving the heterotrophic media of three Chlorella vulgaris mutants toward optimal color, biomass and protein productivity
title_short Improving the heterotrophic media of three Chlorella vulgaris mutants toward optimal color, biomass and protein productivity
title_sort improving the heterotrophic media of three chlorella vulgaris mutants toward optimal color biomass and protein productivity
topic Biomass color
Biomass and protein productivity
Culture medium optimization
Microalgae
Random mutagenesis
Surface response methodology
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05913-1
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