Estimation of Groundwater Temperatures in Paris, France

Subsurface temperature data is usually only accessible as point information with a very limited number of observations. To spatialize these isolated insights underground, we usually rely on interpolation methods. Unfortunately, these conventional tools are in many cases not suitable to be applied to...

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Main Authors: Hannes Hemmerle, Sina Hale, Ingo Dressel, Susanne A. Benz, Guillaume Attard, Philipp Blum, Peter Bayer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2019-01-01
Series:Geofluids
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5246307
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author Hannes Hemmerle
Sina Hale
Ingo Dressel
Susanne A. Benz
Guillaume Attard
Philipp Blum
Peter Bayer
author_facet Hannes Hemmerle
Sina Hale
Ingo Dressel
Susanne A. Benz
Guillaume Attard
Philipp Blum
Peter Bayer
author_sort Hannes Hemmerle
collection DOAJ
description Subsurface temperature data is usually only accessible as point information with a very limited number of observations. To spatialize these isolated insights underground, we usually rely on interpolation methods. Unfortunately, these conventional tools are in many cases not suitable to be applied to areas with high local variability, like densely populated areas, and in addition are very vulnerable to uneven distributions of wells. Since thermal conditions of the surface and shallow subsurface are coupled, we can utilize this relationship to estimate shallow groundwater temperatures from satellite-derived land surface temperatures. Here, we propose an estimation approach that provides spatial groundwater temperature data and can be applied to natural, urban, and mixed environments. To achieve this, we combine land surface temperatures with anthropogenic and natural processes, such as downward heat transfer from buildings, insulation through snow coverage, and latent heat flux in the form of evapotranspiration. This is demonstrated for the city of Paris, where measurements from as early as 1977 reveal the existence of a substantial subsurface urban heat island (SUHI) with a maximum groundwater temperature anomaly of around 7 K. It is demonstrated that groundwater temperatures in Paris can be well predicted with a root mean squared error of below 1 K by means of satellite-derived land surface images. This combined approach is shown to improve existing estimation procedures that are focused either on rural or on urban conditions. While they do not detect local hotspots caused by small-scaled heat sources located underground (e.g., sewage systems and tunnels), the findings for the city of Paris for the estimation of large-scale thermal anomalies in the subsurface are promising. Thus, the new estimation procedure may also be suitable for other cities to obtain a more reliable insight into the spatial distribution of urban ground and groundwater temperatures.
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spelling doaj-art-cf3e7fa48d1f4c509700ddb5fe177f352025-08-20T02:20:08ZengWileyGeofluids1468-81151468-81232019-01-01201910.1155/2019/52463075246307Estimation of Groundwater Temperatures in Paris, FranceHannes Hemmerle0Sina Hale1Ingo Dressel2Susanne A. Benz3Guillaume Attard4Philipp Blum5Peter Bayer6Ingolstadt University of Applied Sciences, Institute of New Energy Systems (InES), Ingolstadt 85049, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Geosciences (AGW), Karlsruhe 76131, GermanyIngolstadt University of Applied Sciences, Institute of New Energy Systems (InES), Ingolstadt 85049, GermanyUniversity of California San Diego, School of Global Policy and Strategy (GPS), La Jolla, CA 92093, USACerema, Direction Centre-Est, 46 rue Saint Théobald, F-38081 L’Isle d’Abeau, FranceKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Geosciences (AGW), Karlsruhe 76131, GermanyIngolstadt University of Applied Sciences, Institute of New Energy Systems (InES), Ingolstadt 85049, GermanySubsurface temperature data is usually only accessible as point information with a very limited number of observations. To spatialize these isolated insights underground, we usually rely on interpolation methods. Unfortunately, these conventional tools are in many cases not suitable to be applied to areas with high local variability, like densely populated areas, and in addition are very vulnerable to uneven distributions of wells. Since thermal conditions of the surface and shallow subsurface are coupled, we can utilize this relationship to estimate shallow groundwater temperatures from satellite-derived land surface temperatures. Here, we propose an estimation approach that provides spatial groundwater temperature data and can be applied to natural, urban, and mixed environments. To achieve this, we combine land surface temperatures with anthropogenic and natural processes, such as downward heat transfer from buildings, insulation through snow coverage, and latent heat flux in the form of evapotranspiration. This is demonstrated for the city of Paris, where measurements from as early as 1977 reveal the existence of a substantial subsurface urban heat island (SUHI) with a maximum groundwater temperature anomaly of around 7 K. It is demonstrated that groundwater temperatures in Paris can be well predicted with a root mean squared error of below 1 K by means of satellite-derived land surface images. This combined approach is shown to improve existing estimation procedures that are focused either on rural or on urban conditions. While they do not detect local hotspots caused by small-scaled heat sources located underground (e.g., sewage systems and tunnels), the findings for the city of Paris for the estimation of large-scale thermal anomalies in the subsurface are promising. Thus, the new estimation procedure may also be suitable for other cities to obtain a more reliable insight into the spatial distribution of urban ground and groundwater temperatures.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5246307
spellingShingle Hannes Hemmerle
Sina Hale
Ingo Dressel
Susanne A. Benz
Guillaume Attard
Philipp Blum
Peter Bayer
Estimation of Groundwater Temperatures in Paris, France
Geofluids
title Estimation of Groundwater Temperatures in Paris, France
title_full Estimation of Groundwater Temperatures in Paris, France
title_fullStr Estimation of Groundwater Temperatures in Paris, France
title_full_unstemmed Estimation of Groundwater Temperatures in Paris, France
title_short Estimation of Groundwater Temperatures in Paris, France
title_sort estimation of groundwater temperatures in paris france
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5246307
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