Development of the GDF-TRACK-AKI Score for Predicting Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Rhabdomyolysis Due to Excessive Exercise or Trauma
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Rhabdomyolysis is a disorder in which skeletal muscle tissues are damaged, resulting in the escape of their internal substances into the blood circulation. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of rhabdomyolysis that necessitates early reco...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| author | Oğuzhan Zengin Burak Göre Melike Yakut Mustafa Yaylalı Muhammet Göv Safa Dönmez Gülhan Kurtoğlu Çelik Gül Pamukçu Günaydın Esma Andaç Uzdoğan Emra Asfuroğlu Kalkan İhsan Ateş |
| author_facet | Oğuzhan Zengin Burak Göre Melike Yakut Mustafa Yaylalı Muhammet Göv Safa Dönmez Gülhan Kurtoğlu Çelik Gül Pamukçu Günaydın Esma Andaç Uzdoğan Emra Asfuroğlu Kalkan İhsan Ateş |
| author_sort | Oğuzhan Zengin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives</i>: Rhabdomyolysis is a disorder in which skeletal muscle tissues are damaged, resulting in the escape of their internal substances into the blood circulation. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of rhabdomyolysis that necessitates early recognition to ensure effective clinical management. The objective of this research was to create a practical scoring tool for forecasting AKI in patients experiencing rhabdomyolysis due to trauma or excessive exercise. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A novel scoring system, termed the growth differentiation factor-15-trauma-creatine kinase acute kidney injury score (GDF-TRACK-AKI score), was established. The model integrates serum levels of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), creatine kinase (CK), and occurrence of rhabdomyolysis associated with trauma. Clinical and biochemical data were prospectively collected, and the model’s predictive performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic ROC curve analysis. <i>Results</i>: Among patients with rhabdomyolysis, those who developed AKI had significantly higher GDF-TRACK-AKI scores (median: 3.00 (IQR: 2.00)) compared to patients without AKI (median: 0.48 (IQR 0.89); <i>p</i> < 0.001). Serum CK and GDF-15 levels were also markedly elevated in the AKI group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). ROC analysis identified a cut-off value of 2.5, providing 67% sensitivity and 98% specificity. Patients with scores ≥ 2 demonstrated a significantly increased risk of AKI. <i>Conclusions</i>: Designed as a practical and dependable tool, the GDF-TRACK-AKI score facilitates prompt identification of kidney injury in patients whose rhabdomyolysis is linked to either trauma or vigorous activity. The integration of trauma history with GDF-15 and CK biomarker data improves risk stratification precision and supports timely treatment decisions. To verify its practical utility and prognostic capabilities, the GDF-TRACK-AKI score should undergo additional evaluation across expansive and demographically varied clinical populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cf386fa30f8041ad8e8e4ea78dffece5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj-art-cf386fa30f8041ad8e8e4ea78dffece52025-08-20T03:35:38ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442025-06-01617111610.3390/medicina61071116Development of the GDF-TRACK-AKI Score for Predicting Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Rhabdomyolysis Due to Excessive Exercise or TraumaOğuzhan Zengin0Burak Göre1Melike Yakut2Mustafa Yaylalı3Muhammet Göv4Safa Dönmez5Gülhan Kurtoğlu Çelik6Gül Pamukçu Günaydın7Esma Andaç Uzdoğan8Emra Asfuroğlu Kalkan9İhsan Ateş10Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara 06800, TürkiyeDepartment of Internal Medicine, Çerkeş State Hospital, Çankırı 18600, TürkiyeDepartment of Internal Medicine, Çifteler State Hospital, Eskişehir 26700, TürkiyeDepartment of Internal Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara 06800, TürkiyeDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mihalıççık Gün Sazak State Hospital, Eskişehir 26900, TürkiyeEmergency Medicine Department, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara 06800, TürkiyeEmergency Medicine Department, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara 06800, TürkiyeEmergency Medicine Department, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara 06800, TürkiyeDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara 06800, TürkiyeDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara 06800, TürkiyeDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara 06800, Türkiye<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Rhabdomyolysis is a disorder in which skeletal muscle tissues are damaged, resulting in the escape of their internal substances into the blood circulation. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of rhabdomyolysis that necessitates early recognition to ensure effective clinical management. The objective of this research was to create a practical scoring tool for forecasting AKI in patients experiencing rhabdomyolysis due to trauma or excessive exercise. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A novel scoring system, termed the growth differentiation factor-15-trauma-creatine kinase acute kidney injury score (GDF-TRACK-AKI score), was established. The model integrates serum levels of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), creatine kinase (CK), and occurrence of rhabdomyolysis associated with trauma. Clinical and biochemical data were prospectively collected, and the model’s predictive performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic ROC curve analysis. <i>Results</i>: Among patients with rhabdomyolysis, those who developed AKI had significantly higher GDF-TRACK-AKI scores (median: 3.00 (IQR: 2.00)) compared to patients without AKI (median: 0.48 (IQR 0.89); <i>p</i> < 0.001). Serum CK and GDF-15 levels were also markedly elevated in the AKI group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). ROC analysis identified a cut-off value of 2.5, providing 67% sensitivity and 98% specificity. Patients with scores ≥ 2 demonstrated a significantly increased risk of AKI. <i>Conclusions</i>: Designed as a practical and dependable tool, the GDF-TRACK-AKI score facilitates prompt identification of kidney injury in patients whose rhabdomyolysis is linked to either trauma or vigorous activity. The integration of trauma history with GDF-15 and CK biomarker data improves risk stratification precision and supports timely treatment decisions. To verify its practical utility and prognostic capabilities, the GDF-TRACK-AKI score should undergo additional evaluation across expansive and demographically varied clinical populations.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/7/1116rhabdomyolysisacute kidney injurygrowth differentiation factor-15creatine kinaseGDF-TRACK-AKI scoretrauma |
| spellingShingle | Oğuzhan Zengin Burak Göre Melike Yakut Mustafa Yaylalı Muhammet Göv Safa Dönmez Gülhan Kurtoğlu Çelik Gül Pamukçu Günaydın Esma Andaç Uzdoğan Emra Asfuroğlu Kalkan İhsan Ateş Development of the GDF-TRACK-AKI Score for Predicting Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Rhabdomyolysis Due to Excessive Exercise or Trauma Medicina rhabdomyolysis acute kidney injury growth differentiation factor-15 creatine kinase GDF-TRACK-AKI score trauma |
| title | Development of the GDF-TRACK-AKI Score for Predicting Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Rhabdomyolysis Due to Excessive Exercise or Trauma |
| title_full | Development of the GDF-TRACK-AKI Score for Predicting Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Rhabdomyolysis Due to Excessive Exercise or Trauma |
| title_fullStr | Development of the GDF-TRACK-AKI Score for Predicting Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Rhabdomyolysis Due to Excessive Exercise or Trauma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of the GDF-TRACK-AKI Score for Predicting Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Rhabdomyolysis Due to Excessive Exercise or Trauma |
| title_short | Development of the GDF-TRACK-AKI Score for Predicting Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Rhabdomyolysis Due to Excessive Exercise or Trauma |
| title_sort | development of the gdf track aki score for predicting acute kidney injury in patients with rhabdomyolysis due to excessive exercise or trauma |
| topic | rhabdomyolysis acute kidney injury growth differentiation factor-15 creatine kinase GDF-TRACK-AKI score trauma |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/7/1116 |
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