Validation of a Multi-Segment Kinematic Foot Model and Optical Motion Capture Using Bi-Planar X-Ray Fluoroscopy and a Markerless RSA Approach

Gait analysis with optical motion capture typically treats the foot as a single segment, which can measure clinically useful kinematics but is insufficient to measure the kinematics of joint motions within the foot. This study hypothesizes that a four-segment foot model, tracking the hindfoot, midfo...

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Main Authors: Aida Valevicius, Kristen Bushey, Thomas Jenkyn
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/11285
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author Aida Valevicius
Kristen Bushey
Thomas Jenkyn
author_facet Aida Valevicius
Kristen Bushey
Thomas Jenkyn
author_sort Aida Valevicius
collection DOAJ
description Gait analysis with optical motion capture typically treats the foot as a single segment, which can measure clinically useful kinematics but is insufficient to measure the kinematics of joint motions within the foot. This study hypothesizes that a four-segment foot model, tracking the hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot, and hallux, can accurately measure intrinsic foot kinematics when validated against the gold standard of fluoroscopic X-ray radiostereometric analysis (RSA) during walking gait. Ten healthy volunteers were tested, with the left foot tracked during the stance phase from heel strike to toe off. The results indicated that the height-to-length ratio of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) and the transverse plane motion of the hindfoot were the most reliable kinematic measures, showing the best agreement between the optical motion capture and RSA methods. In contrast, the frontal plane motions of the hindfoot and forefoot showed the greatest differences, though these were not statistically significant at <i>p</i> < 0.05. These findings demonstrate that the multi-segment foot model is a valid method for measuring intrinsic foot kinematics in a clinical setting, providing a reliable alternative to more invasive techniques.
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spelling doaj-art-cf26d4e876eb42f4b414c205a466b7ae2025-08-20T02:50:13ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-12-0114231128510.3390/app142311285Validation of a Multi-Segment Kinematic Foot Model and Optical Motion Capture Using Bi-Planar X-Ray Fluoroscopy and a Markerless RSA ApproachAida Valevicius0Kristen Bushey1Thomas Jenkyn2Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, CanadaFowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, CanadaDepartment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, CanadaGait analysis with optical motion capture typically treats the foot as a single segment, which can measure clinically useful kinematics but is insufficient to measure the kinematics of joint motions within the foot. This study hypothesizes that a four-segment foot model, tracking the hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot, and hallux, can accurately measure intrinsic foot kinematics when validated against the gold standard of fluoroscopic X-ray radiostereometric analysis (RSA) during walking gait. Ten healthy volunteers were tested, with the left foot tracked during the stance phase from heel strike to toe off. The results indicated that the height-to-length ratio of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) and the transverse plane motion of the hindfoot were the most reliable kinematic measures, showing the best agreement between the optical motion capture and RSA methods. In contrast, the frontal plane motions of the hindfoot and forefoot showed the greatest differences, though these were not statistically significant at <i>p</i> < 0.05. These findings demonstrate that the multi-segment foot model is a valid method for measuring intrinsic foot kinematics in a clinical setting, providing a reliable alternative to more invasive techniques.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/11285gaitfoot kinematicsmulti-segment modelbiomechanicsradiostereometric analysisfluoroscopy
spellingShingle Aida Valevicius
Kristen Bushey
Thomas Jenkyn
Validation of a Multi-Segment Kinematic Foot Model and Optical Motion Capture Using Bi-Planar X-Ray Fluoroscopy and a Markerless RSA Approach
Applied Sciences
gait
foot kinematics
multi-segment model
biomechanics
radiostereometric analysis
fluoroscopy
title Validation of a Multi-Segment Kinematic Foot Model and Optical Motion Capture Using Bi-Planar X-Ray Fluoroscopy and a Markerless RSA Approach
title_full Validation of a Multi-Segment Kinematic Foot Model and Optical Motion Capture Using Bi-Planar X-Ray Fluoroscopy and a Markerless RSA Approach
title_fullStr Validation of a Multi-Segment Kinematic Foot Model and Optical Motion Capture Using Bi-Planar X-Ray Fluoroscopy and a Markerless RSA Approach
title_full_unstemmed Validation of a Multi-Segment Kinematic Foot Model and Optical Motion Capture Using Bi-Planar X-Ray Fluoroscopy and a Markerless RSA Approach
title_short Validation of a Multi-Segment Kinematic Foot Model and Optical Motion Capture Using Bi-Planar X-Ray Fluoroscopy and a Markerless RSA Approach
title_sort validation of a multi segment kinematic foot model and optical motion capture using bi planar x ray fluoroscopy and a markerless rsa approach
topic gait
foot kinematics
multi-segment model
biomechanics
radiostereometric analysis
fluoroscopy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/11285
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AT kristenbushey validationofamultisegmentkinematicfootmodelandopticalmotioncaptureusingbiplanarxrayfluoroscopyandamarkerlessrsaapproach
AT thomasjenkyn validationofamultisegmentkinematicfootmodelandopticalmotioncaptureusingbiplanarxrayfluoroscopyandamarkerlessrsaapproach