Tunnel face stability in strata rich in water with soft upper and hard lower layers
Abstract When a shield tunnel is excavated in water-rich strata with soft upper and hard lower layers, the failure mode of the tunnel face may shift from an overall failure mode to a partial failure mode. To address this issue, three-dimensional discrete failure mechanisms for both partial and overa...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89107-9 |
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