The Connection Between the Oral Microbiota and the Kynurenine Pathway: Insights into Oral and Certain Systemic Disorders

The oral microbiome, comprising bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, is essential for maintaining both oral and systemic health. This complex ecosystem includes over 700 bacterial species, such as <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, which contributes to dental caries through acid production...

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Main Authors: Rita Kis-György, Tamás Körtési, Alexandra Anicka, Gábor Nagy-Grócz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Current Issues in Molecular Biology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/11/750
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author Rita Kis-György
Tamás Körtési
Alexandra Anicka
Gábor Nagy-Grócz
author_facet Rita Kis-György
Tamás Körtési
Alexandra Anicka
Gábor Nagy-Grócz
author_sort Rita Kis-György
collection DOAJ
description The oral microbiome, comprising bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, is essential for maintaining both oral and systemic health. This complex ecosystem includes over 700 bacterial species, such as <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, which contributes to dental caries through acid production that demineralizes tooth enamel. Fungi like Candida and pathogens such as <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> are also significant, as they can lead to periodontal diseases through inflammation and destruction of tooth-supporting structures. Dysbiosis, or microbial imbalance, is a key factor in the development of these oral diseases. Understanding the composition and functions of the oral microbiome is vital for creating targeted therapies for these conditions. Additionally, the kynurenine pathway, which processes the amino acid tryptophan, plays a crucial role in immune regulation, neuroprotection, and inflammation. Oral bacteria can metabolize tryptophan, influencing the production of kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and quinolinic acid, thereby affecting the kynurenine system. The balance of microbial species in the oral cavity can impact tryptophan levels and its metabolites. This narrative review aims to explore the relationship between the oral microbiome, oral diseases, and the kynurenine system in relation to certain systemic diseases.
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spelling doaj-art-cf17058ea5b94752bcf65cbc9b149d492025-08-20T02:08:03ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452024-11-014611126411265710.3390/cimb46110750The Connection Between the Oral Microbiota and the Kynurenine Pathway: Insights into Oral and Certain Systemic DisordersRita Kis-György0Tamás Körtési1Alexandra Anicka2Gábor Nagy-Grócz3Section of Health Behaviour and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, Temesvári krt. 31., H-6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Theoretical Health Sciences and Health Management, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, Temesvári krt. 31., H-6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői Út 78/A, H-1182 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Theoretical Health Sciences and Health Management, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, Temesvári krt. 31., H-6726 Szeged, HungaryThe oral microbiome, comprising bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, is essential for maintaining both oral and systemic health. This complex ecosystem includes over 700 bacterial species, such as <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, which contributes to dental caries through acid production that demineralizes tooth enamel. Fungi like Candida and pathogens such as <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> are also significant, as they can lead to periodontal diseases through inflammation and destruction of tooth-supporting structures. Dysbiosis, or microbial imbalance, is a key factor in the development of these oral diseases. Understanding the composition and functions of the oral microbiome is vital for creating targeted therapies for these conditions. Additionally, the kynurenine pathway, which processes the amino acid tryptophan, plays a crucial role in immune regulation, neuroprotection, and inflammation. Oral bacteria can metabolize tryptophan, influencing the production of kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and quinolinic acid, thereby affecting the kynurenine system. The balance of microbial species in the oral cavity can impact tryptophan levels and its metabolites. This narrative review aims to explore the relationship between the oral microbiome, oral diseases, and the kynurenine system in relation to certain systemic diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/11/750oral microbiomedsybiosisperiodontal diseasecariesoral candidiasisoral cancer
spellingShingle Rita Kis-György
Tamás Körtési
Alexandra Anicka
Gábor Nagy-Grócz
The Connection Between the Oral Microbiota and the Kynurenine Pathway: Insights into Oral and Certain Systemic Disorders
Current Issues in Molecular Biology
oral microbiome
dsybiosis
periodontal disease
caries
oral candidiasis
oral cancer
title The Connection Between the Oral Microbiota and the Kynurenine Pathway: Insights into Oral and Certain Systemic Disorders
title_full The Connection Between the Oral Microbiota and the Kynurenine Pathway: Insights into Oral and Certain Systemic Disorders
title_fullStr The Connection Between the Oral Microbiota and the Kynurenine Pathway: Insights into Oral and Certain Systemic Disorders
title_full_unstemmed The Connection Between the Oral Microbiota and the Kynurenine Pathway: Insights into Oral and Certain Systemic Disorders
title_short The Connection Between the Oral Microbiota and the Kynurenine Pathway: Insights into Oral and Certain Systemic Disorders
title_sort connection between the oral microbiota and the kynurenine pathway insights into oral and certain systemic disorders
topic oral microbiome
dsybiosis
periodontal disease
caries
oral candidiasis
oral cancer
url https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/11/750
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