Retention and characteristics associated with remote questionnaire completion in a general population cohort study: the project baseline health study

ObjectiveTo evaluate remote participant engagement in a clinical study over time, based on data from the Project Baseline Health Study (PBHS), a hybrid in-person and virtual study.MethodsThe PBHS enrolled 2,502 adult US residents from March 3, 2017 to April 26, 2019, with a ≤5-year follow-up. We sum...

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Main Authors: Megan K. Carroll, Safa Faheem, Jean Bouteiller, Adrian Hernandez, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Jessica L. Mega, Neha Pagidipati, Terry Schaack, Svati H. Shah, Sumana Shashidhar, Susan Swope, Donna Williams, R. Scooter Plowman, Edgar P. Simard, Sarah A. Short, Shannon S. Sullivan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Digital Health
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1520132/full
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author Megan K. Carroll
Safa Faheem
Jean Bouteiller
Adrian Hernandez
Kenneth W. Mahaffey
Jessica L. Mega
Neha Pagidipati
Terry Schaack
Svati H. Shah
Sumana Shashidhar
Susan Swope
Donna Williams
R. Scooter Plowman
Edgar P. Simard
Sarah A. Short
Shannon S. Sullivan
Shannon S. Sullivan
author_facet Megan K. Carroll
Safa Faheem
Jean Bouteiller
Adrian Hernandez
Kenneth W. Mahaffey
Jessica L. Mega
Neha Pagidipati
Terry Schaack
Svati H. Shah
Sumana Shashidhar
Susan Swope
Donna Williams
R. Scooter Plowman
Edgar P. Simard
Sarah A. Short
Shannon S. Sullivan
Shannon S. Sullivan
author_sort Megan K. Carroll
collection DOAJ
description ObjectiveTo evaluate remote participant engagement in a clinical study over time, based on data from the Project Baseline Health Study (PBHS), a hybrid in-person and virtual study.MethodsThe PBHS enrolled 2,502 adult US residents from March 3, 2017 to April 26, 2019, with a ≤5-year follow-up. We summarized 4-year retention and rates of longitudinal patient-reported outcome survey completion. We investigated participant characteristics for their associations with quarterly remote survey completion using regression models.ResultsOf the total participants (N = 2,502), 94% remained enrolled after 4 years and 60% completed all annual visits; 2,490 participants stayed enrolled for at least one quarter. The median (IQR) number of remote electronic survey sets completed was 8 (3–12), of a possible 16. Age [odds ratio (OR), >70 vs. ≤30 years: 2.56; 95% CI: 2.24–2.94] and education (OR, advanced degree vs. ≤high school: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.22–1.52) were positively associated with remote survey completion. Participants with lower odds of completion were Black (OR vs. White: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.67–0.80), Hispanic (OR vs. non-Hispanic: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.77–0.93), or had at least mild symptoms of depression (OR vs. without: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.84–0.96) or anxiety (OR vs. without: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.78–0.90).ConclusionsOverall, 94% of PBHS participants remained enrolled after four years. Age, race, ethnicity, income, education, and symptomatic depression/anxiety were significantly associated with longitudinal remote questionnaire completion. These findings on engagement over time may inform future longitudinal study design.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov, identifier (NCT03154346).
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spelling doaj-art-cf14c347b076402a9e66e8decaee6be72025-08-20T03:23:43ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Digital Health2673-253X2025-06-01710.3389/fdgth.2025.15201321520132Retention and characteristics associated with remote questionnaire completion in a general population cohort study: the project baseline health studyMegan K. Carroll0Safa Faheem1Jean Bouteiller2Adrian Hernandez3Kenneth W. Mahaffey4Jessica L. Mega5Neha Pagidipati6Terry Schaack7Svati H. Shah8Sumana Shashidhar9Susan Swope10Donna Williams11R. Scooter Plowman12Edgar P. Simard13Sarah A. Short14Shannon S. Sullivan15Shannon S. Sullivan16Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, United StatesVerily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, United StatesVerily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, United StatesDuke University, Durham, NC, United StatesStanford Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United StatesVerily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, United StatesDuke University, Durham, NC, United StatesCalifornia Health & Longevity Institute, Westlake Village, CA, United StatesDuke University, Durham, NC, United StatesStanford Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United StatesStanford Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United StatesStanford Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United StatesVerily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, United StatesVerily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, United StatesVerily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, United StatesVerily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, United StatesDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma and Sleep Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United StatesObjectiveTo evaluate remote participant engagement in a clinical study over time, based on data from the Project Baseline Health Study (PBHS), a hybrid in-person and virtual study.MethodsThe PBHS enrolled 2,502 adult US residents from March 3, 2017 to April 26, 2019, with a ≤5-year follow-up. We summarized 4-year retention and rates of longitudinal patient-reported outcome survey completion. We investigated participant characteristics for their associations with quarterly remote survey completion using regression models.ResultsOf the total participants (N = 2,502), 94% remained enrolled after 4 years and 60% completed all annual visits; 2,490 participants stayed enrolled for at least one quarter. The median (IQR) number of remote electronic survey sets completed was 8 (3–12), of a possible 16. Age [odds ratio (OR), >70 vs. ≤30 years: 2.56; 95% CI: 2.24–2.94] and education (OR, advanced degree vs. ≤high school: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.22–1.52) were positively associated with remote survey completion. Participants with lower odds of completion were Black (OR vs. White: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.67–0.80), Hispanic (OR vs. non-Hispanic: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.77–0.93), or had at least mild symptoms of depression (OR vs. without: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.84–0.96) or anxiety (OR vs. without: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.78–0.90).ConclusionsOverall, 94% of PBHS participants remained enrolled after four years. Age, race, ethnicity, income, education, and symptomatic depression/anxiety were significantly associated with longitudinal remote questionnaire completion. These findings on engagement over time may inform future longitudinal study design.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov, identifier (NCT03154346).https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1520132/fullresearch participant engagementparticipant retentionremote studycohort studypatient-reported outcomessocial determinants of health
spellingShingle Megan K. Carroll
Safa Faheem
Jean Bouteiller
Adrian Hernandez
Kenneth W. Mahaffey
Jessica L. Mega
Neha Pagidipati
Terry Schaack
Svati H. Shah
Sumana Shashidhar
Susan Swope
Donna Williams
R. Scooter Plowman
Edgar P. Simard
Sarah A. Short
Shannon S. Sullivan
Shannon S. Sullivan
Retention and characteristics associated with remote questionnaire completion in a general population cohort study: the project baseline health study
Frontiers in Digital Health
research participant engagement
participant retention
remote study
cohort study
patient-reported outcomes
social determinants of health
title Retention and characteristics associated with remote questionnaire completion in a general population cohort study: the project baseline health study
title_full Retention and characteristics associated with remote questionnaire completion in a general population cohort study: the project baseline health study
title_fullStr Retention and characteristics associated with remote questionnaire completion in a general population cohort study: the project baseline health study
title_full_unstemmed Retention and characteristics associated with remote questionnaire completion in a general population cohort study: the project baseline health study
title_short Retention and characteristics associated with remote questionnaire completion in a general population cohort study: the project baseline health study
title_sort retention and characteristics associated with remote questionnaire completion in a general population cohort study the project baseline health study
topic research participant engagement
participant retention
remote study
cohort study
patient-reported outcomes
social determinants of health
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1520132/full
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