Two-qubit gate protocols with microwave-dressed Rydberg ions in a linear Paul trap

Ultracold trapped atomic ions excited into highly energetic Rydberg states constitute a promising platform for scalable quantum information processing. Elementary building blocks for such tasks are high-fidelity and sufficiently fast entangling two-qubit gates, which can be achieved via strong dipol...

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Main Authors: Joseph W P Wilkinson, Katrin Bolsmann, Thiago L M Guedes, Markus Müller, Igor Lesanovsky
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:New Journal of Physics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/add494
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author Joseph W P Wilkinson
Katrin Bolsmann
Thiago L M Guedes
Markus Müller
Igor Lesanovsky
author_facet Joseph W P Wilkinson
Katrin Bolsmann
Thiago L M Guedes
Markus Müller
Igor Lesanovsky
author_sort Joseph W P Wilkinson
collection DOAJ
description Ultracold trapped atomic ions excited into highly energetic Rydberg states constitute a promising platform for scalable quantum information processing. Elementary building blocks for such tasks are high-fidelity and sufficiently fast entangling two-qubit gates, which can be achieved via strong dipole–dipole interactions between microwave-dressed Rydberg ions, as recently demonstrated experimentally (Zhang et al 2020 Nature 580 345). We theoretically investigate the performance of three protocols leading to controlled-phase gate operations. Starting from a microscopic description of Rydberg ions in a linear Paul trap, we derive an effective Hamiltonian that faithfully captures the essential dynamics underlying the gate protocols. We then use an optimization scheme to fine-tune experimentally controllable parameters like laser detuning and Rabi frequency to yield maximal gate fidelity under each studied protocol. We show how non-adiabatic transitions resulting from fast laser driving relative to the characteristic time scales of the system detrimentally affect the fidelity. Despite this, we demonstrate that in the realistic scenario of Rydberg ions with finite radiative lifetimes, optimizing the best found gate protocol enables achievement of fidelities as high as $99.25 \%$ for a gate time of $0.2 \, \mu\mathrm{s}$ . This considerably undercuts entangling gate durations between ground state ions, for which gate times are typically limited by the comparably slower time scales of vibrational modes. Overall, this places trapped Rydberg ions into the regime where fast high-accuracy quantum computing and eventually quantum error correction become possible.
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spelling doaj-art-cf0ab92a184e4911ab7edb31468e97222025-08-20T03:13:01ZengIOP PublishingNew Journal of Physics1367-26302025-01-0127606450210.1088/1367-2630/add494Two-qubit gate protocols with microwave-dressed Rydberg ions in a linear Paul trapJoseph W P Wilkinson0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8949-7222Katrin Bolsmann1https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4466-6321Thiago L M Guedes2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3281-145XMarkus Müller3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2813-3097Igor Lesanovsky4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9660-9467Institut für Theoretische Physik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, GermanyInstitut für Quanteninformation, RWTH Aachen University , Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institut für Theoretische Nanoelektronik, Forschungszentrum Jülich , Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, GermanyInstitut für Quanteninformation, RWTH Aachen University , Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institut für Theoretische Nanoelektronik, Forschungszentrum Jülich , Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, GermanyInstitut für Quanteninformation, RWTH Aachen University , Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institut für Theoretische Nanoelektronik, Forschungszentrum Jülich , Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, GermanyInstitut für Theoretische Physik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD, United KingdomUltracold trapped atomic ions excited into highly energetic Rydberg states constitute a promising platform for scalable quantum information processing. Elementary building blocks for such tasks are high-fidelity and sufficiently fast entangling two-qubit gates, which can be achieved via strong dipole–dipole interactions between microwave-dressed Rydberg ions, as recently demonstrated experimentally (Zhang et al 2020 Nature 580 345). We theoretically investigate the performance of three protocols leading to controlled-phase gate operations. Starting from a microscopic description of Rydberg ions in a linear Paul trap, we derive an effective Hamiltonian that faithfully captures the essential dynamics underlying the gate protocols. We then use an optimization scheme to fine-tune experimentally controllable parameters like laser detuning and Rabi frequency to yield maximal gate fidelity under each studied protocol. We show how non-adiabatic transitions resulting from fast laser driving relative to the characteristic time scales of the system detrimentally affect the fidelity. Despite this, we demonstrate that in the realistic scenario of Rydberg ions with finite radiative lifetimes, optimizing the best found gate protocol enables achievement of fidelities as high as $99.25 \%$ for a gate time of $0.2 \, \mu\mathrm{s}$ . This considerably undercuts entangling gate durations between ground state ions, for which gate times are typically limited by the comparably slower time scales of vibrational modes. Overall, this places trapped Rydberg ions into the regime where fast high-accuracy quantum computing and eventually quantum error correction become possible.https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/add494Rydberg physicstrapped ionsquantum gatesquantum information processingquantum computing platforms
spellingShingle Joseph W P Wilkinson
Katrin Bolsmann
Thiago L M Guedes
Markus Müller
Igor Lesanovsky
Two-qubit gate protocols with microwave-dressed Rydberg ions in a linear Paul trap
New Journal of Physics
Rydberg physics
trapped ions
quantum gates
quantum information processing
quantum computing platforms
title Two-qubit gate protocols with microwave-dressed Rydberg ions in a linear Paul trap
title_full Two-qubit gate protocols with microwave-dressed Rydberg ions in a linear Paul trap
title_fullStr Two-qubit gate protocols with microwave-dressed Rydberg ions in a linear Paul trap
title_full_unstemmed Two-qubit gate protocols with microwave-dressed Rydberg ions in a linear Paul trap
title_short Two-qubit gate protocols with microwave-dressed Rydberg ions in a linear Paul trap
title_sort two qubit gate protocols with microwave dressed rydberg ions in a linear paul trap
topic Rydberg physics
trapped ions
quantum gates
quantum information processing
quantum computing platforms
url https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/add494
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AT thiagolmguedes twoqubitgateprotocolswithmicrowavedressedrydbergionsinalinearpaultrap
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