Foraging strategy as a route for sexual size dimorphism evolution
Abstract Female‐biased sexual size dimorphism stands as a widespread evolutionary pattern. Fecundity selection, favouring larger females with greater reproductive output, is a leading explanation. However, larger body sizes demand greater energy intake, potentially hindering the evolution of extreme...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Ecology and Evolution |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70100 |
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| author | Pedro N. Rocha Felipe M. Gawryszewski |
| author_facet | Pedro N. Rocha Felipe M. Gawryszewski |
| author_sort | Pedro N. Rocha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Female‐biased sexual size dimorphism stands as a widespread evolutionary pattern. Fecundity selection, favouring larger females with greater reproductive output, is a leading explanation. However, larger body sizes demand greater energy intake, potentially hindering the evolution of extreme female sizes. Thus, the evolution of more lucrative foraging tactics may allow for an increase in size. Hence, coupled with selection against larger males, fecundity selection should result in larger SSD in species with more lucrative foraging strategies. Crab spiders are sit‐and‐wait predators that hunt in several plant substrata. Species that forage on flowers or employ prey‐luring strategies likely have access to higher food intake than other species. We extracted body size measurements of 614 crab spider species from 43 genera and classified them based on their foraging strategy. Our findings show that foraging strategies that provide higher energy input (EFS) result in larger SSD. Statistical estimates indicate that females have a cephalothorax width 91% larger than males in EFS species, compared to 26% larger females than males in non‐EFS species. These differences possibly arise due to larger females and smaller males. The effects on male size reduction might result from scramble competition, whereas the increase in female size is likely due to fecundity selection. These results suggest that the shift towards more lucrative foraging strategies may have been a key event in body size and SSD evolution in crab spiders. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ceeddce11fae41e3a4b2c2ff1ff75310 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-7758 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj-art-ceeddce11fae41e3a4b2c2ff1ff753102025-08-20T02:52:38ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582024-11-011411n/an/a10.1002/ece3.70100Foraging strategy as a route for sexual size dimorphism evolutionPedro N. Rocha0Felipe M. Gawryszewski1Departamento de Zoologia, Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory Universidade de Brasília Brasília BrazilDepartamento de Zoologia, Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory Universidade de Brasília Brasília BrazilAbstract Female‐biased sexual size dimorphism stands as a widespread evolutionary pattern. Fecundity selection, favouring larger females with greater reproductive output, is a leading explanation. However, larger body sizes demand greater energy intake, potentially hindering the evolution of extreme female sizes. Thus, the evolution of more lucrative foraging tactics may allow for an increase in size. Hence, coupled with selection against larger males, fecundity selection should result in larger SSD in species with more lucrative foraging strategies. Crab spiders are sit‐and‐wait predators that hunt in several plant substrata. Species that forage on flowers or employ prey‐luring strategies likely have access to higher food intake than other species. We extracted body size measurements of 614 crab spider species from 43 genera and classified them based on their foraging strategy. Our findings show that foraging strategies that provide higher energy input (EFS) result in larger SSD. Statistical estimates indicate that females have a cephalothorax width 91% larger than males in EFS species, compared to 26% larger females than males in non‐EFS species. These differences possibly arise due to larger females and smaller males. The effects on male size reduction might result from scramble competition, whereas the increase in female size is likely due to fecundity selection. These results suggest that the shift towards more lucrative foraging strategies may have been a key event in body size and SSD evolution in crab spiders.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70100body sizecrab spiderfecundity selectionluringsexual selectionsexual size dimorphism |
| spellingShingle | Pedro N. Rocha Felipe M. Gawryszewski Foraging strategy as a route for sexual size dimorphism evolution Ecology and Evolution body size crab spider fecundity selection luring sexual selection sexual size dimorphism |
| title | Foraging strategy as a route for sexual size dimorphism evolution |
| title_full | Foraging strategy as a route for sexual size dimorphism evolution |
| title_fullStr | Foraging strategy as a route for sexual size dimorphism evolution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Foraging strategy as a route for sexual size dimorphism evolution |
| title_short | Foraging strategy as a route for sexual size dimorphism evolution |
| title_sort | foraging strategy as a route for sexual size dimorphism evolution |
| topic | body size crab spider fecundity selection luring sexual selection sexual size dimorphism |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70100 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pedronrocha foragingstrategyasarouteforsexualsizedimorphismevolution AT felipemgawryszewski foragingstrategyasarouteforsexualsizedimorphismevolution |