Dietary Supplementation of an Organic Acid-Based Feed Attractant in Juvenile Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>): Effects on Growth, Morphohistology, and Oxidative Stress

Aquaculture plays a crucial role in China’s agricultural sector, with improved growth performance and feed efficiency in cultured species representing key industry challenges. Among nutritional strategies, feed attractants have received increasing attention for their ability to stimulate feeding beh...

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Main Authors: Guohe Cai, Zhizhong Li, Miao Yu, Mingya Huang, Pengao Liu, Xiudan Tang, Qizhe Huang, Zhixue Guo, Yunzhang Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Fishes
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/5/195
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author Guohe Cai
Zhizhong Li
Miao Yu
Mingya Huang
Pengao Liu
Xiudan Tang
Qizhe Huang
Zhixue Guo
Yunzhang Sun
author_facet Guohe Cai
Zhizhong Li
Miao Yu
Mingya Huang
Pengao Liu
Xiudan Tang
Qizhe Huang
Zhixue Guo
Yunzhang Sun
author_sort Guohe Cai
collection DOAJ
description Aquaculture plays a crucial role in China’s agricultural sector, with improved growth performance and feed efficiency in cultured species representing key industry challenges. Among nutritional strategies, feed attractants have received increasing attention for their ability to stimulate feeding behavior and enhance feed utilization. This study hypothesized that dietary supplementation with a formulated feed attractant would enhance feeding activity, improve physiological condition, and modulate antioxidant and immune responses in juvenile largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>). A total of 270 fish (initial weight: 12.5 ± 2.5 g) were randomly assigned to three groups: CON (basal diet), YXX0.05 (basal diet + 0.05% attractant), and YXX0.1 (basal diet + 0.10% attractant). After 56 days of feeding, no significant differences were observed in final body weight (FBW) or whole-body composition (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, feed intake (FI) increased by 5.1%, and the condition factor (CF) improved significantly by 7.6% (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the YXX0.05 group, while the viscerosomatic index (VSI) was reduced by 3.6% (<i>p</i> < 0.05), suggesting enhanced feeding motivation and improved body compactness. In terms of physiological responses, compared to the control group, the YXX0.05 group exhibited a significant increase in liver total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content (<i>p</i> < 0.05), an increase in serum lysozyme (LZM) activity (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and a significant decrease in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity (<i>p</i> < 0.05), reflecting enhanced immune status and potential liver protection. In conclusion, although growth performance metrics such as FBW and specific growth rate (SGR) remained unchanged, the feed attractant at 0.05% inclusion significantly improved feed intake, body condition, and physiological health markers. These results suggest the attractant has practical value in improving fish welfare and nutrient utilization efficiency, providing a functional dietary strategy for sustainable largemouth bass farming.
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spelling doaj-art-cee72cd0720c4d43a6d41b19f62a0cd62025-08-20T01:56:31ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882025-04-0110519510.3390/fishes10050195Dietary Supplementation of an Organic Acid-Based Feed Attractant in Juvenile Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>): Effects on Growth, Morphohistology, and Oxidative StressGuohe Cai0Zhizhong Li1Miao Yu2Mingya Huang3Pengao Liu4Xiudan Tang5Qizhe Huang6Zhixue Guo7Yunzhang Sun8State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaDadHank (Chengdu) Biotech Corp., Chengdu 611130, ChinaDadHank (Chengdu) Biotech Corp., Chengdu 611130, ChinaDadHank (Chengdu) Biotech Corp., Chengdu 611130, ChinaXiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaXiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaXiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaXiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaAquaculture plays a crucial role in China’s agricultural sector, with improved growth performance and feed efficiency in cultured species representing key industry challenges. Among nutritional strategies, feed attractants have received increasing attention for their ability to stimulate feeding behavior and enhance feed utilization. This study hypothesized that dietary supplementation with a formulated feed attractant would enhance feeding activity, improve physiological condition, and modulate antioxidant and immune responses in juvenile largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>). A total of 270 fish (initial weight: 12.5 ± 2.5 g) were randomly assigned to three groups: CON (basal diet), YXX0.05 (basal diet + 0.05% attractant), and YXX0.1 (basal diet + 0.10% attractant). After 56 days of feeding, no significant differences were observed in final body weight (FBW) or whole-body composition (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, feed intake (FI) increased by 5.1%, and the condition factor (CF) improved significantly by 7.6% (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the YXX0.05 group, while the viscerosomatic index (VSI) was reduced by 3.6% (<i>p</i> < 0.05), suggesting enhanced feeding motivation and improved body compactness. In terms of physiological responses, compared to the control group, the YXX0.05 group exhibited a significant increase in liver total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content (<i>p</i> < 0.05), an increase in serum lysozyme (LZM) activity (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and a significant decrease in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity (<i>p</i> < 0.05), reflecting enhanced immune status and potential liver protection. In conclusion, although growth performance metrics such as FBW and specific growth rate (SGR) remained unchanged, the feed attractant at 0.05% inclusion significantly improved feed intake, body condition, and physiological health markers. These results suggest the attractant has practical value in improving fish welfare and nutrient utilization efficiency, providing a functional dietary strategy for sustainable largemouth bass farming.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/5/195fishy attractantoxidative stressimmunitylargemouth bassgrowth performance
spellingShingle Guohe Cai
Zhizhong Li
Miao Yu
Mingya Huang
Pengao Liu
Xiudan Tang
Qizhe Huang
Zhixue Guo
Yunzhang Sun
Dietary Supplementation of an Organic Acid-Based Feed Attractant in Juvenile Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>): Effects on Growth, Morphohistology, and Oxidative Stress
Fishes
fishy attractant
oxidative stress
immunity
largemouth bass
growth performance
title Dietary Supplementation of an Organic Acid-Based Feed Attractant in Juvenile Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>): Effects on Growth, Morphohistology, and Oxidative Stress
title_full Dietary Supplementation of an Organic Acid-Based Feed Attractant in Juvenile Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>): Effects on Growth, Morphohistology, and Oxidative Stress
title_fullStr Dietary Supplementation of an Organic Acid-Based Feed Attractant in Juvenile Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>): Effects on Growth, Morphohistology, and Oxidative Stress
title_full_unstemmed Dietary Supplementation of an Organic Acid-Based Feed Attractant in Juvenile Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>): Effects on Growth, Morphohistology, and Oxidative Stress
title_short Dietary Supplementation of an Organic Acid-Based Feed Attractant in Juvenile Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>): Effects on Growth, Morphohistology, and Oxidative Stress
title_sort dietary supplementation of an organic acid based feed attractant in juvenile largemouth bass i micropterus salmoides i effects on growth morphohistology and oxidative stress
topic fishy attractant
oxidative stress
immunity
largemouth bass
growth performance
url https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/5/195
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