Hydrogels from Protein–Polymer Conjugates: A Pathway to Next-Generation Biomaterials

Hybrid hydrogels from protein–polymer conjugates are biomaterials formed via the chemical bonding of a protein molecule with a polymer molecule. Protein–polymer conjugates offer a variety of biological properties by combining the mechanical strength of polymers and the bioactive functionality of pro...

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Main Authors: Oubadah Alayoubi, Yağmur Poyraz, Gana Hassan, Sümeyye Berfin Gül, Nergiz Çalhan, Naz Mina Mert Şahin, Megha Gautam, Aylin Kutlu, Bengü Özuğur Uysal, Ebru Demet Akten, Önder Pekcan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Gels
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/2/96
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author Oubadah Alayoubi
Yağmur Poyraz
Gana Hassan
Sümeyye Berfin Gül
Nergiz Çalhan
Naz Mina Mert Şahin
Megha Gautam
Aylin Kutlu
Bengü Özuğur Uysal
Ebru Demet Akten
Önder Pekcan
author_facet Oubadah Alayoubi
Yağmur Poyraz
Gana Hassan
Sümeyye Berfin Gül
Nergiz Çalhan
Naz Mina Mert Şahin
Megha Gautam
Aylin Kutlu
Bengü Özuğur Uysal
Ebru Demet Akten
Önder Pekcan
author_sort Oubadah Alayoubi
collection DOAJ
description Hybrid hydrogels from protein–polymer conjugates are biomaterials formed via the chemical bonding of a protein molecule with a polymer molecule. Protein–polymer conjugates offer a variety of biological properties by combining the mechanical strength of polymers and the bioactive functionality of proteins. These properties allow these conjugates to be used as biocompatible components in biomedical applications. Protein–polymer conjugation is a vital bioengineering strategy in many fields, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and cancer therapy. Protein–polymer conjugations aim to create materials with new and unique properties by combining the properties of different molecular components. There are various ways of creating protein–polymer conjugates. PEGylation is one of the most common conjugation techniques where a protein is conjugated with Polyethylene Glycol. However, some limitations of PEGylation (like polydispersity and low biodegradability) have prompted researchers to devise novel synthesis techniques like PEGylation, where synthetic polypeptides are used as the polymer component. This review will illustrate the properties of protein–polymer conjugates, their synthesis methods, and their various biomedical applications.
format Article
id doaj-art-cee6615b521742a789fdae27b8e2cbef
institution DOAJ
issn 2310-2861
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Gels
spelling doaj-art-cee6615b521742a789fdae27b8e2cbef2025-08-20T03:12:05ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612025-01-011129610.3390/gels11020096Hydrogels from Protein–Polymer Conjugates: A Pathway to Next-Generation BiomaterialsOubadah Alayoubi0Yağmur Poyraz1Gana Hassan2Sümeyye Berfin Gül3Nergiz Çalhan4Naz Mina Mert Şahin5Megha Gautam6Aylin Kutlu7Bengü Özuğur Uysal8Ebru Demet Akten9Önder Pekcan10Materials Science and Nanotechnology, School of Graduate Studies, Kadir Has University, Cibali, Fatih, Istanbul 34083, TürkiyeComputational Sciences and Engineering, School of Graduate Studies, Kadir Has University, Cibali, Fatih, Istanbul 34083, TürkiyeMaterials Science and Nanotechnology, School of Graduate Studies, Kadir Has University, Cibali, Fatih, Istanbul 34083, TürkiyeMaterials Science and Nanotechnology, School of Graduate Studies, Kadir Has University, Cibali, Fatih, Istanbul 34083, TürkiyeMaterials Science and Nanotechnology, School of Graduate Studies, Kadir Has University, Cibali, Fatih, Istanbul 34083, TürkiyeComputational Sciences and Engineering, School of Graduate Studies, Kadir Has University, Cibali, Fatih, Istanbul 34083, TürkiyeComputational Sciences and Engineering, School of Graduate Studies, Kadir Has University, Cibali, Fatih, Istanbul 34083, TürkiyeMaterials Science and Nanotechnology, School of Graduate Studies, Kadir Has University, Cibali, Fatih, Istanbul 34083, TürkiyeDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Altınbaş University, Bağcılar, Istanbul 34218, TürkiyeFaculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, Cibali, Fatih, Istanbul 34083, TürkiyeFaculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, Cibali, Fatih, Istanbul 34083, TürkiyeHybrid hydrogels from protein–polymer conjugates are biomaterials formed via the chemical bonding of a protein molecule with a polymer molecule. Protein–polymer conjugates offer a variety of biological properties by combining the mechanical strength of polymers and the bioactive functionality of proteins. These properties allow these conjugates to be used as biocompatible components in biomedical applications. Protein–polymer conjugation is a vital bioengineering strategy in many fields, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and cancer therapy. Protein–polymer conjugations aim to create materials with new and unique properties by combining the properties of different molecular components. There are various ways of creating protein–polymer conjugates. PEGylation is one of the most common conjugation techniques where a protein is conjugated with Polyethylene Glycol. However, some limitations of PEGylation (like polydispersity and low biodegradability) have prompted researchers to devise novel synthesis techniques like PEGylation, where synthetic polypeptides are used as the polymer component. This review will illustrate the properties of protein–polymer conjugates, their synthesis methods, and their various biomedical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/2/96hybrid hydrogelsprotein–polymer conjugatesPEGylation
spellingShingle Oubadah Alayoubi
Yağmur Poyraz
Gana Hassan
Sümeyye Berfin Gül
Nergiz Çalhan
Naz Mina Mert Şahin
Megha Gautam
Aylin Kutlu
Bengü Özuğur Uysal
Ebru Demet Akten
Önder Pekcan
Hydrogels from Protein–Polymer Conjugates: A Pathway to Next-Generation Biomaterials
Gels
hybrid hydrogels
protein–polymer conjugates
PEGylation
title Hydrogels from Protein–Polymer Conjugates: A Pathway to Next-Generation Biomaterials
title_full Hydrogels from Protein–Polymer Conjugates: A Pathway to Next-Generation Biomaterials
title_fullStr Hydrogels from Protein–Polymer Conjugates: A Pathway to Next-Generation Biomaterials
title_full_unstemmed Hydrogels from Protein–Polymer Conjugates: A Pathway to Next-Generation Biomaterials
title_short Hydrogels from Protein–Polymer Conjugates: A Pathway to Next-Generation Biomaterials
title_sort hydrogels from protein polymer conjugates a pathway to next generation biomaterials
topic hybrid hydrogels
protein–polymer conjugates
PEGylation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/2/96
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AT ganahassan hydrogelsfromproteinpolymerconjugatesapathwaytonextgenerationbiomaterials
AT sumeyyeberfingul hydrogelsfromproteinpolymerconjugatesapathwaytonextgenerationbiomaterials
AT nergizcalhan hydrogelsfromproteinpolymerconjugatesapathwaytonextgenerationbiomaterials
AT nazminamertsahin hydrogelsfromproteinpolymerconjugatesapathwaytonextgenerationbiomaterials
AT meghagautam hydrogelsfromproteinpolymerconjugatesapathwaytonextgenerationbiomaterials
AT aylinkutlu hydrogelsfromproteinpolymerconjugatesapathwaytonextgenerationbiomaterials
AT benguozuguruysal hydrogelsfromproteinpolymerconjugatesapathwaytonextgenerationbiomaterials
AT ebrudemetakten hydrogelsfromproteinpolymerconjugatesapathwaytonextgenerationbiomaterials
AT onderpekcan hydrogelsfromproteinpolymerconjugatesapathwaytonextgenerationbiomaterials