Experimental investigation and prediction of compressive strength of mortar incorporating zinc tailings using artificial neural network

Mining activities play a pivotal role in a country's economy, contributing significantly to industrial growth and infrastructure development. However, the generation of tailings is a significant concern due to issues such as land use, water pollution, and the risk of tailings dam failures. The...

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Main Authors: Haris Maqbool Rather, Murtaza Hasan, Sameer Algburi, Muhannad Riyadh Alasiri, Saiful Islam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Case Studies in Construction Materials
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525001858
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author Haris Maqbool Rather
Murtaza Hasan
Sameer Algburi
Muhannad Riyadh Alasiri
Saiful Islam
author_facet Haris Maqbool Rather
Murtaza Hasan
Sameer Algburi
Muhannad Riyadh Alasiri
Saiful Islam
author_sort Haris Maqbool Rather
collection DOAJ
description Mining activities play a pivotal role in a country's economy, contributing significantly to industrial growth and infrastructure development. However, the generation of tailings is a significant concern due to issues such as land use, water pollution, and the risk of tailings dam failures. The present research paper explores the feasibility of zinc tailings as a sustainable alternative to sand in mortar production, aiming to mitigate the depletion of natural sand resources and manage waste effectively. Mortar specimens were prepared using zinc tailings to replace natural sand at varying percentages (0–50 %) and different water-to-cement ratios (0.45, 0.50, and 0.55). Main parameters such as compressive strength, water absorption, microstructure, XRD analysis were studied using zinc tailings incorporation. ANNs have been trained to predict the compressive strength of mortar incorporating zinc tailings. SEM analysis reveals a denser microstructure and improved bonding over time due to increased hydration and C-S-H gel formation from reactive silica and alumina. X-ray diffraction shows higher quartz and dolomite peaks but no new crystalline phases, with C-S-H and C-A-S-H phases remaining amorphous. The model R² value of 0.939 indicates strong predictive accuracy, explaining 93.9 % of the variation in compressive strength based on actual results. The partial replacement of sand by zinc tailings in mortar results in a slightly increased water absorption, from 7 % to 7.22 % (at 0 % to 50 % replacement). X-ray diffraction analysis showed higher intensities of quartz and dolomite peaks in mortars with zinc tailings. These findings reveal that replacing 20–30 % of the sand with zinc tailings can be a sustainable approach to minimizing the environmental footprint of tailing production.
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spelling doaj-art-cee636be32f84a2f987d9dd7ae0594792025-08-20T02:13:27ZengElsevierCase Studies in Construction Materials2214-50952025-07-0122e0438710.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04387Experimental investigation and prediction of compressive strength of mortar incorporating zinc tailings using artificial neural networkHaris Maqbool Rather0Murtaza Hasan1Sameer Algburi2Muhannad Riyadh Alasiri3Saiful Islam4Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140301, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140301, India; Corresponding author.Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk 36015, IraqCivil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaCivil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaMining activities play a pivotal role in a country's economy, contributing significantly to industrial growth and infrastructure development. However, the generation of tailings is a significant concern due to issues such as land use, water pollution, and the risk of tailings dam failures. The present research paper explores the feasibility of zinc tailings as a sustainable alternative to sand in mortar production, aiming to mitigate the depletion of natural sand resources and manage waste effectively. Mortar specimens were prepared using zinc tailings to replace natural sand at varying percentages (0–50 %) and different water-to-cement ratios (0.45, 0.50, and 0.55). Main parameters such as compressive strength, water absorption, microstructure, XRD analysis were studied using zinc tailings incorporation. ANNs have been trained to predict the compressive strength of mortar incorporating zinc tailings. SEM analysis reveals a denser microstructure and improved bonding over time due to increased hydration and C-S-H gel formation from reactive silica and alumina. X-ray diffraction shows higher quartz and dolomite peaks but no new crystalline phases, with C-S-H and C-A-S-H phases remaining amorphous. The model R² value of 0.939 indicates strong predictive accuracy, explaining 93.9 % of the variation in compressive strength based on actual results. The partial replacement of sand by zinc tailings in mortar results in a slightly increased water absorption, from 7 % to 7.22 % (at 0 % to 50 % replacement). X-ray diffraction analysis showed higher intensities of quartz and dolomite peaks in mortars with zinc tailings. These findings reveal that replacing 20–30 % of the sand with zinc tailings can be a sustainable approach to minimizing the environmental footprint of tailing production.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525001858Zinc TailingsSustainable mortarArtificial neural networks (ANN)Compressive StrengthMicrostructure analysis
spellingShingle Haris Maqbool Rather
Murtaza Hasan
Sameer Algburi
Muhannad Riyadh Alasiri
Saiful Islam
Experimental investigation and prediction of compressive strength of mortar incorporating zinc tailings using artificial neural network
Case Studies in Construction Materials
Zinc Tailings
Sustainable mortar
Artificial neural networks (ANN)
Compressive Strength
Microstructure analysis
title Experimental investigation and prediction of compressive strength of mortar incorporating zinc tailings using artificial neural network
title_full Experimental investigation and prediction of compressive strength of mortar incorporating zinc tailings using artificial neural network
title_fullStr Experimental investigation and prediction of compressive strength of mortar incorporating zinc tailings using artificial neural network
title_full_unstemmed Experimental investigation and prediction of compressive strength of mortar incorporating zinc tailings using artificial neural network
title_short Experimental investigation and prediction of compressive strength of mortar incorporating zinc tailings using artificial neural network
title_sort experimental investigation and prediction of compressive strength of mortar incorporating zinc tailings using artificial neural network
topic Zinc Tailings
Sustainable mortar
Artificial neural networks (ANN)
Compressive Strength
Microstructure analysis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525001858
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