Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion and relapse-free survival in hepatocellular Carcinoma ≥3 cm using CT radiomics: Development and external validation

Abstract Objective To preoperatively predict microvascular invasion (MVI) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ≥3 cm by constructing and externally validating a combined radiomics model using preoperative enhanced CT images. Methods This retrospective study recruited adu...

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Main Authors: Hua Zhong, Yan Zhang, Guanbin Zhu, Xiaoli Zheng, Jinan Wang, Jianghe Kang, Ziying Lin, Xin Yue
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Medical Imaging
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-025-01677-2
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author Hua Zhong
Yan Zhang
Guanbin Zhu
Xiaoli Zheng
Jinan Wang
Jianghe Kang
Ziying Lin
Xin Yue
author_facet Hua Zhong
Yan Zhang
Guanbin Zhu
Xiaoli Zheng
Jinan Wang
Jianghe Kang
Ziying Lin
Xin Yue
author_sort Hua Zhong
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective To preoperatively predict microvascular invasion (MVI) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ≥3 cm by constructing and externally validating a combined radiomics model using preoperative enhanced CT images. Methods This retrospective study recruited adults who underwent surgical resection between September 2016 and August 2020 in our hospital with pathologic confirmation of HCC ≥3 cm and MVI status. For external validation, adults who underwent surgical resection between September 2020 and August 2021 in our hospital were included. Histopathology was the reference standard. The HCC area was segmented on the arterial and portal venous phase CT images to develop a CT radiomics model. A combined model was developed using selected radiomics features, demographic information, laboratory index and radiological features. Analysis of variance and support vector machine were used as features selector and classifier. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate models’ performance. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to evaluate the predictive value for RFS. Results A total of 202 patients were finally enrolled (median age, 59 years, 173 male). Thirteen and 24 features were selected for the CT radiomics model and the combined model, and the area under the ROC curves (AUC) were 0.752 (95 %CI 0.615, 0.889) and 0.890 (95 %CI 0.794, 0.985) in the external validation set, respectively. Calibration curves and DCA showed a higher net clinical benefit of the combined model. The high-risk group (P < 0.001) was an independent predictor for RFS. Conclusions The combined model showed high accuracy for preoperatively predicting MVI and RFS in HCC ≥3 cm.
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spelling doaj-art-cecdcc2b9d4d4f4c8160002ccb1978be2025-08-20T01:47:32ZengBMCBMC Medical Imaging1471-23422025-05-0125111010.1186/s12880-025-01677-2Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion and relapse-free survival in hepatocellular Carcinoma ≥3 cm using CT radiomics: Development and external validationHua Zhong0Yan Zhang1Guanbin Zhu2Xiaoli Zheng3Jinan Wang4Jianghe Kang5Ziying Lin6Xin Yue7Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityThe Second Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical CollegeDepartment of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityDepartment of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityDepartment of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityDepartment of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityDepartment of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityDepartment of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityAbstract Objective To preoperatively predict microvascular invasion (MVI) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ≥3 cm by constructing and externally validating a combined radiomics model using preoperative enhanced CT images. Methods This retrospective study recruited adults who underwent surgical resection between September 2016 and August 2020 in our hospital with pathologic confirmation of HCC ≥3 cm and MVI status. For external validation, adults who underwent surgical resection between September 2020 and August 2021 in our hospital were included. Histopathology was the reference standard. The HCC area was segmented on the arterial and portal venous phase CT images to develop a CT radiomics model. A combined model was developed using selected radiomics features, demographic information, laboratory index and radiological features. Analysis of variance and support vector machine were used as features selector and classifier. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate models’ performance. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to evaluate the predictive value for RFS. Results A total of 202 patients were finally enrolled (median age, 59 years, 173 male). Thirteen and 24 features were selected for the CT radiomics model and the combined model, and the area under the ROC curves (AUC) were 0.752 (95 %CI 0.615, 0.889) and 0.890 (95 %CI 0.794, 0.985) in the external validation set, respectively. Calibration curves and DCA showed a higher net clinical benefit of the combined model. The high-risk group (P < 0.001) was an independent predictor for RFS. Conclusions The combined model showed high accuracy for preoperatively predicting MVI and RFS in HCC ≥3 cm.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-025-01677-2Microvascular invasionHepatocellular carcinomaRadiomicsCTRelapse-free survival
spellingShingle Hua Zhong
Yan Zhang
Guanbin Zhu
Xiaoli Zheng
Jinan Wang
Jianghe Kang
Ziying Lin
Xin Yue
Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion and relapse-free survival in hepatocellular Carcinoma ≥3 cm using CT radiomics: Development and external validation
BMC Medical Imaging
Microvascular invasion
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Radiomics
CT
Relapse-free survival
title Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion and relapse-free survival in hepatocellular Carcinoma ≥3 cm using CT radiomics: Development and external validation
title_full Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion and relapse-free survival in hepatocellular Carcinoma ≥3 cm using CT radiomics: Development and external validation
title_fullStr Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion and relapse-free survival in hepatocellular Carcinoma ≥3 cm using CT radiomics: Development and external validation
title_full_unstemmed Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion and relapse-free survival in hepatocellular Carcinoma ≥3 cm using CT radiomics: Development and external validation
title_short Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion and relapse-free survival in hepatocellular Carcinoma ≥3 cm using CT radiomics: Development and external validation
title_sort preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion and relapse free survival in hepatocellular carcinoma ≥3 cm using ct radiomics development and external validation
topic Microvascular invasion
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Radiomics
CT
Relapse-free survival
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-025-01677-2
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