London’s Ultra Low Emission Zone and active travel to school: a qualitative study exploring the experiences of children, families and teachers
Objective Taking a qualitative approach, we aimed to understand how London’s Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) might work to change behaviour and improve health in the context of the school journey.Design Primary qualitative study embedded within an existing natural experimental study.Setting A populat...
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BMJ Publishing Group
2025-03-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/3/e091929.full |
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| author | Jenna Panter Chris Griffiths Esther van Sluijs Gurch Randhawa Cornelia Guell Rosamund Dove Harpal Kalsi Ian Mudway Helen E Wood Olivia Alliott Jessica Mitchell Luke Sartori James Scales |
| author_facet | Jenna Panter Chris Griffiths Esther van Sluijs Gurch Randhawa Cornelia Guell Rosamund Dove Harpal Kalsi Ian Mudway Helen E Wood Olivia Alliott Jessica Mitchell Luke Sartori James Scales |
| author_sort | Jenna Panter |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective Taking a qualitative approach, we aimed to understand how London’s Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) might work to change behaviour and improve health in the context of the school journey.Design Primary qualitative study embedded within an existing natural experimental study.Setting A population-level health intervention implemented across London.Participants Purposive sampling was used to recruit children (aged 10–11 years) from ethnically and socioeconomically diverse backgrounds within an existing cohort study, Children’s Health in London and Luton.Methods In-person and online interviews were conducted with 21 families and seven teachers from the children’s schools between November 2022 and March 2023. Verbatim transcripts were analysed drawing on Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis and guided by realist evaluation principles to identify contexts, mechanisms and outcomes using NVivo.Results Common context, mechanism, outcome (CMO) configurations were identified reflecting congruent narratives across children, parents and teachers, for example, current active travellers (context) reported reductions in pollution (mechanism) leading to improvements in health, including alleviated symptoms of asthma (outcome). These CMOs were broadly captured by two themes: (i) how you travelled before the ULEZ matters: the impact of travel mode on experiences of the ULEZ and (ii) your context matters: the role of socioeconomic position in experiences of the ULEZ. Participants highlighted the potential for the ULEZ to positively impact their choice of travel mode to school, experiences of the journey and their health. However, the impact of the ULEZ differed inequitably by journey length, travel mode before implementation and access to reliable and affordable public transport.Conclusions The capacity for the ULEZ to both narrow and exacerbate inequities across different travel contexts suggests when developing such schemes, more emphasis needs to be placed on providing accessible and affordable alternatives to driving. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ceca7e8a9e7a475db3b8f591fb581793 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-ceca7e8a9e7a475db3b8f591fb5817932025-08-20T02:46:24ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-03-0115310.1136/bmjopen-2024-091929London’s Ultra Low Emission Zone and active travel to school: a qualitative study exploring the experiences of children, families and teachersJenna Panter0Chris Griffiths1Esther van Sluijs2Gurch Randhawa3Cornelia Guell4Rosamund Dove5Harpal Kalsi6Ian Mudway7Helen E Wood8Olivia Alliott9Jessica Mitchell10Luke Sartori11James Scales121 MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK2 Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK1 MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK3 Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh, UK9 European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK2 Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK4 Institute for Health and Primary Care, Queen Mary University of London Wolfson Institute of Population Health, London, UK6 MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK2 Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK1 MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK3 Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh, UK3 Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh, UK3 Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Edinburgh, UKObjective Taking a qualitative approach, we aimed to understand how London’s Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) might work to change behaviour and improve health in the context of the school journey.Design Primary qualitative study embedded within an existing natural experimental study.Setting A population-level health intervention implemented across London.Participants Purposive sampling was used to recruit children (aged 10–11 years) from ethnically and socioeconomically diverse backgrounds within an existing cohort study, Children’s Health in London and Luton.Methods In-person and online interviews were conducted with 21 families and seven teachers from the children’s schools between November 2022 and March 2023. Verbatim transcripts were analysed drawing on Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis and guided by realist evaluation principles to identify contexts, mechanisms and outcomes using NVivo.Results Common context, mechanism, outcome (CMO) configurations were identified reflecting congruent narratives across children, parents and teachers, for example, current active travellers (context) reported reductions in pollution (mechanism) leading to improvements in health, including alleviated symptoms of asthma (outcome). These CMOs were broadly captured by two themes: (i) how you travelled before the ULEZ matters: the impact of travel mode on experiences of the ULEZ and (ii) your context matters: the role of socioeconomic position in experiences of the ULEZ. Participants highlighted the potential for the ULEZ to positively impact their choice of travel mode to school, experiences of the journey and their health. However, the impact of the ULEZ differed inequitably by journey length, travel mode before implementation and access to reliable and affordable public transport.Conclusions The capacity for the ULEZ to both narrow and exacerbate inequities across different travel contexts suggests when developing such schemes, more emphasis needs to be placed on providing accessible and affordable alternatives to driving.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/3/e091929.full |
| spellingShingle | Jenna Panter Chris Griffiths Esther van Sluijs Gurch Randhawa Cornelia Guell Rosamund Dove Harpal Kalsi Ian Mudway Helen E Wood Olivia Alliott Jessica Mitchell Luke Sartori James Scales London’s Ultra Low Emission Zone and active travel to school: a qualitative study exploring the experiences of children, families and teachers BMJ Open |
| title | London’s Ultra Low Emission Zone and active travel to school: a qualitative study exploring the experiences of children, families and teachers |
| title_full | London’s Ultra Low Emission Zone and active travel to school: a qualitative study exploring the experiences of children, families and teachers |
| title_fullStr | London’s Ultra Low Emission Zone and active travel to school: a qualitative study exploring the experiences of children, families and teachers |
| title_full_unstemmed | London’s Ultra Low Emission Zone and active travel to school: a qualitative study exploring the experiences of children, families and teachers |
| title_short | London’s Ultra Low Emission Zone and active travel to school: a qualitative study exploring the experiences of children, families and teachers |
| title_sort | london s ultra low emission zone and active travel to school a qualitative study exploring the experiences of children families and teachers |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/3/e091929.full |
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