Nut consumption, linoleic and α-linolenic acid intakes, and genetics: how fatty acid desaturase 1 impacts plasma fatty acids and type 2 diabetes risk in EPIC-InterAct and PREDIMED studies
Abstract Background Dietary guidelines recommend replacing saturated fatty acid with unsaturated fats, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids. Cohort studies do not suggest a clear benefit of higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids but, in contrast, higher circulating linoleic acid (LA) level...
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| author | Susanne Jäger Olga Kuxhaus Marcela Prada Inge Huybrechts Tammy Y. N. Tong Nita G. Forouhi Cristina Razquin Dolores Corella Miguel A. Martinez-Gonzalez Christina C. Dahm Daniel B. Ibsen Anne Tjønneland Jytte Halkjær Chloé Marques Claire Cadeau Xuan Ren Verena Katzke Benedetta Bendinelli Claudia Agnoli Alberto Catalano Marta Farràs Maria-Jose Sánchez María Dolores Chirlaque López Marcela Guevara Dagfinn Aune Stephen J. Sharp Nicholas J. Wareham Matthias B. Schulze |
| author_facet | Susanne Jäger Olga Kuxhaus Marcela Prada Inge Huybrechts Tammy Y. N. Tong Nita G. Forouhi Cristina Razquin Dolores Corella Miguel A. Martinez-Gonzalez Christina C. Dahm Daniel B. Ibsen Anne Tjønneland Jytte Halkjær Chloé Marques Claire Cadeau Xuan Ren Verena Katzke Benedetta Bendinelli Claudia Agnoli Alberto Catalano Marta Farràs Maria-Jose Sánchez María Dolores Chirlaque López Marcela Guevara Dagfinn Aune Stephen J. Sharp Nicholas J. Wareham Matthias B. Schulze |
| author_sort | Susanne Jäger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Dietary guidelines recommend replacing saturated fatty acid with unsaturated fats, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids. Cohort studies do not suggest a clear benefit of higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids but, in contrast, higher circulating linoleic acid (LA) levels—reflective of dietary LA intake, are associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. However, genetic variants in the fatty acid desaturase 1 gene (FADS1) may influence individual responses to plant-based fats. We explored whether FADS1 variants influence the relationships of LA and α-linolenic acid (ALA) intakes and nut consumption with plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles and type 2 diabetes risk in a large-scale cohort study and a randomized controlled trial. Methods In the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort (7,498 type 2 diabetes cases, 10,087 subcohort participants), we investigated interactions of dietary and plasma phospholipid fatty acids and nut consumption with FADS1 rs174547 in relation to incident type 2 diabetes using weighted Cox regression. In PREDIMED (492 participants in the Mediterranean Diet + Nuts intervention group, 436 participants in the control group), we compared changes in plasma phospholipid FAs from baseline to year 1. Results In EPIC-InterAct and PREDIMED, nut consumption was positively associated with LA plasma levels and inversely with arachidonic acid, the latter becoming stronger with increasing number of the minor rs174547 C allele (p interaction EPIC-InterAct: 0.030, PREDIMED: 0.003). Although the inverse association of nut consumption with diabetes seemed stronger in participants with rs174547 CC-genotype (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54–1.00) compared with CT (0.94, 0.81–1.10) or TT (0.90, 0.78–1.05) in EPIC-InterAct, this interaction was not statistically significant. Conclusions FADS1 variation modified the effect of nut consumption on circulating FAs. We did not observe clear evidence that it modified the association between nut consumption and type 2 diabetes risk. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| series | BMC Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-ceca01b0f5ba46b1a2db2d7bdc5036892025-08-20T03:21:03ZengBMCBMC Medicine1741-70152025-06-0123111110.1186/s12916-025-04187-8Nut consumption, linoleic and α-linolenic acid intakes, and genetics: how fatty acid desaturase 1 impacts plasma fatty acids and type 2 diabetes risk in EPIC-InterAct and PREDIMED studiesSusanne Jäger0Olga Kuxhaus1Marcela Prada2Inge Huybrechts3Tammy Y. N. Tong4Nita G. Forouhi5Cristina Razquin6Dolores Corella7Miguel A. Martinez-Gonzalez8Christina C. Dahm9Daniel B. Ibsen10Anne Tjønneland11Jytte Halkjær12Chloé Marques13Claire Cadeau14Xuan Ren15Verena Katzke16Benedetta Bendinelli17Claudia Agnoli18Alberto Catalano19Marta Farràs20Maria-Jose Sánchez21María Dolores Chirlaque López22Marcela Guevara23Dagfinn Aune24Stephen J. Sharp25Nicholas J. Wareham26Matthias B. Schulze27Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-RehbrueckeDepartment of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-RehbrueckeDepartment of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-RehbrueckeInternational Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health OrganizationNuffield Department of Population Health, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of OxfordMedical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical CampusDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra)Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of ValenciaDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra)Department of Public Health, Aarhus UniversityDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus UniversityDanish Cancer Institute, Diet, Cancer and HealthDanish Cancer Institute, Diet, Cancer and HealthParis-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESPParis-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESPParis-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESPDivision of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZClinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO)Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei TumoriDepartment of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte OrientaleUnit of Nutrition and Cancer, Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP)Department of Epidemiology, IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Health Council, Murcia UniversityCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonMedical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical CampusMedical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical CampusDepartment of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-RehbrueckeAbstract Background Dietary guidelines recommend replacing saturated fatty acid with unsaturated fats, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids. Cohort studies do not suggest a clear benefit of higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids but, in contrast, higher circulating linoleic acid (LA) levels—reflective of dietary LA intake, are associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. However, genetic variants in the fatty acid desaturase 1 gene (FADS1) may influence individual responses to plant-based fats. We explored whether FADS1 variants influence the relationships of LA and α-linolenic acid (ALA) intakes and nut consumption with plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles and type 2 diabetes risk in a large-scale cohort study and a randomized controlled trial. Methods In the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort (7,498 type 2 diabetes cases, 10,087 subcohort participants), we investigated interactions of dietary and plasma phospholipid fatty acids and nut consumption with FADS1 rs174547 in relation to incident type 2 diabetes using weighted Cox regression. In PREDIMED (492 participants in the Mediterranean Diet + Nuts intervention group, 436 participants in the control group), we compared changes in plasma phospholipid FAs from baseline to year 1. Results In EPIC-InterAct and PREDIMED, nut consumption was positively associated with LA plasma levels and inversely with arachidonic acid, the latter becoming stronger with increasing number of the minor rs174547 C allele (p interaction EPIC-InterAct: 0.030, PREDIMED: 0.003). Although the inverse association of nut consumption with diabetes seemed stronger in participants with rs174547 CC-genotype (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54–1.00) compared with CT (0.94, 0.81–1.10) or TT (0.90, 0.78–1.05) in EPIC-InterAct, this interaction was not statistically significant. Conclusions FADS1 variation modified the effect of nut consumption on circulating FAs. We did not observe clear evidence that it modified the association between nut consumption and type 2 diabetes risk.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04187-8Polyunsaturated fatty acidsFatty acid desaturasePlasma phospholipid fatty acidsCohort studyRandomized controlled trial |
| spellingShingle | Susanne Jäger Olga Kuxhaus Marcela Prada Inge Huybrechts Tammy Y. N. Tong Nita G. Forouhi Cristina Razquin Dolores Corella Miguel A. Martinez-Gonzalez Christina C. Dahm Daniel B. Ibsen Anne Tjønneland Jytte Halkjær Chloé Marques Claire Cadeau Xuan Ren Verena Katzke Benedetta Bendinelli Claudia Agnoli Alberto Catalano Marta Farràs Maria-Jose Sánchez María Dolores Chirlaque López Marcela Guevara Dagfinn Aune Stephen J. Sharp Nicholas J. Wareham Matthias B. Schulze Nut consumption, linoleic and α-linolenic acid intakes, and genetics: how fatty acid desaturase 1 impacts plasma fatty acids and type 2 diabetes risk in EPIC-InterAct and PREDIMED studies BMC Medicine Polyunsaturated fatty acids Fatty acid desaturase Plasma phospholipid fatty acids Cohort study Randomized controlled trial |
| title | Nut consumption, linoleic and α-linolenic acid intakes, and genetics: how fatty acid desaturase 1 impacts plasma fatty acids and type 2 diabetes risk in EPIC-InterAct and PREDIMED studies |
| title_full | Nut consumption, linoleic and α-linolenic acid intakes, and genetics: how fatty acid desaturase 1 impacts plasma fatty acids and type 2 diabetes risk in EPIC-InterAct and PREDIMED studies |
| title_fullStr | Nut consumption, linoleic and α-linolenic acid intakes, and genetics: how fatty acid desaturase 1 impacts plasma fatty acids and type 2 diabetes risk in EPIC-InterAct and PREDIMED studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nut consumption, linoleic and α-linolenic acid intakes, and genetics: how fatty acid desaturase 1 impacts plasma fatty acids and type 2 diabetes risk in EPIC-InterAct and PREDIMED studies |
| title_short | Nut consumption, linoleic and α-linolenic acid intakes, and genetics: how fatty acid desaturase 1 impacts plasma fatty acids and type 2 diabetes risk in EPIC-InterAct and PREDIMED studies |
| title_sort | nut consumption linoleic and α linolenic acid intakes and genetics how fatty acid desaturase 1 impacts plasma fatty acids and type 2 diabetes risk in epic interact and predimed studies |
| topic | Polyunsaturated fatty acids Fatty acid desaturase Plasma phospholipid fatty acids Cohort study Randomized controlled trial |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04187-8 |
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