Longitudinal Associations Between Physical Activity and Sedentary Time and Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness in Preschoolers

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> The impact of physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) during preschool years on the physical fitness (PF) levels of school-aged children remains unaddressed. This study aimed to investigate the associations of objectively measured vigorous physical ac...

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Main Authors: Kirkke Reisberg, Eva-Maria Riso, Liina Animägi, Jaak Jürimäe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/9/4/199
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author Kirkke Reisberg
Eva-Maria Riso
Liina Animägi
Jaak Jürimäe
author_facet Kirkke Reisberg
Eva-Maria Riso
Liina Animägi
Jaak Jürimäe
author_sort Kirkke Reisberg
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives:</b> The impact of physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) during preschool years on the physical fitness (PF) levels of school-aged children remains unaddressed. This study aimed to investigate the associations of objectively measured vigorous physical activity (VPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), total physical activity (TPA), and ST in the last year of preschool (age of 6–7 years; <i>n</i> = 77; 51% boys) with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) in the first grade of school among Estonian children. <b>Methods:</b> We assessed PA (accelerometers), CRF (20 m shuttle run), and MF (z-score of relative upper- and lower-limb muscular strength). <b>Results:</b> In the unadjusted analysis, higher VPA, MVPA, and TPA in preschool were associated with a higher MF in school among boys, while a higher VPA in preschool was related to a higher CRF in school among girls. However, VPA, MVPA, TPA, and ST in preschool were unrelated to CRF and MF among boys and girls after adjustment for baseline age, accelerometer wear time, the corresponding PF item, and parent’s education. In addition, a higher PF level in preschool was frequently related to a higher corresponding PF item in school among both genders. <b>Conclusions:</b> Moderate-to-vigorous and vigorous type of activities during final year of preschool, as well the amount of TPA that preschoolers are involved in, are not sufficient to affect their CRF and MF longitudinally. In addition, ST in preschool did not impact the CRF and MF of boys and girls in the first grade.
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spelling doaj-art-cec6f1a43e8340f299a49f9d52ef48092025-08-20T02:50:53ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology2411-51422024-10-019419910.3390/jfmk9040199Longitudinal Associations Between Physical Activity and Sedentary Time and Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness in PreschoolersKirkke Reisberg0Eva-Maria Riso1Liina Animägi2Jaak Jürimäe3Department of Physiotherapy and Environmental Health, Tartu Health Care College, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaInstitute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 51008 Tartu, EstoniaDepartment of Physiotherapy and Environmental Health, Tartu Health Care College, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaInstitute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 51008 Tartu, Estonia<b>Background/Objectives:</b> The impact of physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) during preschool years on the physical fitness (PF) levels of school-aged children remains unaddressed. This study aimed to investigate the associations of objectively measured vigorous physical activity (VPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), total physical activity (TPA), and ST in the last year of preschool (age of 6–7 years; <i>n</i> = 77; 51% boys) with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) in the first grade of school among Estonian children. <b>Methods:</b> We assessed PA (accelerometers), CRF (20 m shuttle run), and MF (z-score of relative upper- and lower-limb muscular strength). <b>Results:</b> In the unadjusted analysis, higher VPA, MVPA, and TPA in preschool were associated with a higher MF in school among boys, while a higher VPA in preschool was related to a higher CRF in school among girls. However, VPA, MVPA, TPA, and ST in preschool were unrelated to CRF and MF among boys and girls after adjustment for baseline age, accelerometer wear time, the corresponding PF item, and parent’s education. In addition, a higher PF level in preschool was frequently related to a higher corresponding PF item in school among both genders. <b>Conclusions:</b> Moderate-to-vigorous and vigorous type of activities during final year of preschool, as well the amount of TPA that preschoolers are involved in, are not sufficient to affect their CRF and MF longitudinally. In addition, ST in preschool did not impact the CRF and MF of boys and girls in the first grade.https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/9/4/199physical activitysedentary timecardiorespiratory fitnessmuscular fitnesschildren
spellingShingle Kirkke Reisberg
Eva-Maria Riso
Liina Animägi
Jaak Jürimäe
Longitudinal Associations Between Physical Activity and Sedentary Time and Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness in Preschoolers
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
physical activity
sedentary time
cardiorespiratory fitness
muscular fitness
children
title Longitudinal Associations Between Physical Activity and Sedentary Time and Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness in Preschoolers
title_full Longitudinal Associations Between Physical Activity and Sedentary Time and Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness in Preschoolers
title_fullStr Longitudinal Associations Between Physical Activity and Sedentary Time and Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness in Preschoolers
title_full_unstemmed Longitudinal Associations Between Physical Activity and Sedentary Time and Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness in Preschoolers
title_short Longitudinal Associations Between Physical Activity and Sedentary Time and Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness in Preschoolers
title_sort longitudinal associations between physical activity and sedentary time and cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in preschoolers
topic physical activity
sedentary time
cardiorespiratory fitness
muscular fitness
children
url https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/9/4/199
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AT liinaanimagi longitudinalassociationsbetweenphysicalactivityandsedentarytimeandcardiorespiratoryandmuscularfitnessinpreschoolers
AT jaakjurimae longitudinalassociationsbetweenphysicalactivityandsedentarytimeandcardiorespiratoryandmuscularfitnessinpreschoolers