Machine learning based multi-stage intrusion detection system and feature selection ensemble security in cloud assisted vehicular ad hoc networks

Abstract The development of intelligent transportation systems relies heavily on Cloud-assisted Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs); hence, these networks must be protected. Particularly susceptible to a broad range of assaults are VANETs because of their extreme dynamism and decentralization. Connec...

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Main Authors: C. Christy, A. Nirmala, A. Mary Odilya Teena, A. Isabella Amali
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96303-0
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author C. Christy
A. Nirmala
A. Mary Odilya Teena
A. Isabella Amali
author_facet C. Christy
A. Nirmala
A. Mary Odilya Teena
A. Isabella Amali
author_sort C. Christy
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The development of intelligent transportation systems relies heavily on Cloud-assisted Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs); hence, these networks must be protected. Particularly susceptible to a broad range of assaults are VANETs because of their extreme dynamism and decentralization. Connected vehicles’ safety and efficiency could be compromised if these security threats materialize, leading to disastrous road accidents. Solving these issues will require an advanced Intrusion Detection System (IDS) with real-time threat recognition and neutralization capabilities. A new method for improving VANET security, a multi-stage Lightweight IntrusionDetection System Using Random Forest Algorithms (MLIDS-RFA), focuses on feature selection and ensemble models based on machine learning (ML). A multi-step approach is employed by the proposed system, with each stage dedicated to accurately detecting specific types of attacks. Regarding feature selection, MLIDS-RFA uses machine-learning approaches to enhance the detection process. The outcome is a reduction in the amount of processing overhead and a shortening of the response times. The detection abilities of ensemble models are enhanced by integrating the strengths of the Random Forest algorithm (RFA), which safeguards against intricate dangers. The practicality of the proposed technology is demonstrated by conducting thorough simulation analyses. This research demonstrates that the system can reduce false positives while maintaining high detection rates. This research ensures next-generation transport networks’ secure and reliable functioning and prepares the path for VANET protection upgrades. MLIDS-RFA has improved detection accuracy (96.2%) and computing efficiency (94.8%) for dynamic VANET management. It operates well with large networks (97.8%) and adapts well to network changes (93.8%). The comprehensive methodology ensures high detection performance (95.9%) and VANET security by balancing accuracy, efficiency, and scalability.
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spelling doaj-art-cebd0355260c449b9b9731c692fa660a2025-08-20T04:03:00ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-96303-0Machine learning based multi-stage intrusion detection system and feature selection ensemble security in cloud assisted vehicular ad hoc networksC. Christy0A. Nirmala1A. Mary Odilya Teena2A. Isabella Amali3PG and Research Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, St. Joseph’s College of Arts and Science (Autonomous)Department of Computer Applications, St. Joseph’s College of Arts and Science (Autonomous)Department of Computer Applications, St. Joseph’s College of Arts and Science (Autonomous)Department of Computer Applications, St. Joseph’s College of Arts and Science (Autonomous)Abstract The development of intelligent transportation systems relies heavily on Cloud-assisted Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs); hence, these networks must be protected. Particularly susceptible to a broad range of assaults are VANETs because of their extreme dynamism and decentralization. Connected vehicles’ safety and efficiency could be compromised if these security threats materialize, leading to disastrous road accidents. Solving these issues will require an advanced Intrusion Detection System (IDS) with real-time threat recognition and neutralization capabilities. A new method for improving VANET security, a multi-stage Lightweight IntrusionDetection System Using Random Forest Algorithms (MLIDS-RFA), focuses on feature selection and ensemble models based on machine learning (ML). A multi-step approach is employed by the proposed system, with each stage dedicated to accurately detecting specific types of attacks. Regarding feature selection, MLIDS-RFA uses machine-learning approaches to enhance the detection process. The outcome is a reduction in the amount of processing overhead and a shortening of the response times. The detection abilities of ensemble models are enhanced by integrating the strengths of the Random Forest algorithm (RFA), which safeguards against intricate dangers. The practicality of the proposed technology is demonstrated by conducting thorough simulation analyses. This research demonstrates that the system can reduce false positives while maintaining high detection rates. This research ensures next-generation transport networks’ secure and reliable functioning and prepares the path for VANET protection upgrades. MLIDS-RFA has improved detection accuracy (96.2%) and computing efficiency (94.8%) for dynamic VANET management. It operates well with large networks (97.8%) and adapts well to network changes (93.8%). The comprehensive methodology ensures high detection performance (95.9%) and VANET security by balancing accuracy, efficiency, and scalability.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96303-0Intrusion-detectionMachine learningSecurityVehicular ad hoc networkLightweight
spellingShingle C. Christy
A. Nirmala
A. Mary Odilya Teena
A. Isabella Amali
Machine learning based multi-stage intrusion detection system and feature selection ensemble security in cloud assisted vehicular ad hoc networks
Scientific Reports
Intrusion-detection
Machine learning
Security
Vehicular ad hoc network
Lightweight
title Machine learning based multi-stage intrusion detection system and feature selection ensemble security in cloud assisted vehicular ad hoc networks
title_full Machine learning based multi-stage intrusion detection system and feature selection ensemble security in cloud assisted vehicular ad hoc networks
title_fullStr Machine learning based multi-stage intrusion detection system and feature selection ensemble security in cloud assisted vehicular ad hoc networks
title_full_unstemmed Machine learning based multi-stage intrusion detection system and feature selection ensemble security in cloud assisted vehicular ad hoc networks
title_short Machine learning based multi-stage intrusion detection system and feature selection ensemble security in cloud assisted vehicular ad hoc networks
title_sort machine learning based multi stage intrusion detection system and feature selection ensemble security in cloud assisted vehicular ad hoc networks
topic Intrusion-detection
Machine learning
Security
Vehicular ad hoc network
Lightweight
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96303-0
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