Hexahedral Projections: A Comprehensive Review and Ranking

Hexahedral projections—mapping the Earth’s surface onto the faces of a circumscribed cube—have drawn scientific interest for over half a century. During this time, numerous projections with diverse characteristics have been developed. This paper provides the most comprehensive review of these projec...

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Main Authors: Aleksandar Dimitrijević, Peter Strobl
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/3/122
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author Aleksandar Dimitrijević
Peter Strobl
author_facet Aleksandar Dimitrijević
Peter Strobl
author_sort Aleksandar Dimitrijević
collection DOAJ
description Hexahedral projections—mapping the Earth’s surface onto the faces of a circumscribed cube—have drawn scientific interest for over half a century. During this time, numerous projections with diverse characteristics have been developed. This paper provides the most comprehensive review of these projections to date, offering a detailed examination of the processes involved in projecting the Earth onto a cube, with a focus on distortion and accuracy. A numerical and graphical analysis of the characteristics of hexahedral projections is presented, serving as the foundation for a composite hierarchical metric based on ranking. This metric is used to rank hexahedral projections according to individual criteria, groups of criteria, and overall performance.
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spelling doaj-art-ceba77bf3ce0426fb33639c8413fdb7a2025-08-20T02:11:05ZengMDPI AGISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information2220-99642025-03-0114312210.3390/ijgi14030122Hexahedral Projections: A Comprehensive Review and RankingAleksandar Dimitrijević0Peter Strobl1Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, SerbiaEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, ItalyHexahedral projections—mapping the Earth’s surface onto the faces of a circumscribed cube—have drawn scientific interest for over half a century. During this time, numerous projections with diverse characteristics have been developed. This paper provides the most comprehensive review of these projections to date, offering a detailed examination of the processes involved in projecting the Earth onto a cube, with a focus on distortion and accuracy. A numerical and graphical analysis of the characteristics of hexahedral projections is presented, serving as the foundation for a composite hierarchical metric based on ranking. This metric is used to rank hexahedral projections according to individual criteria, groups of criteria, and overall performance.https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/3/122hexahedral projectionspherical cubedistortionoptimizationranking
spellingShingle Aleksandar Dimitrijević
Peter Strobl
Hexahedral Projections: A Comprehensive Review and Ranking
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
hexahedral projection
spherical cube
distortion
optimization
ranking
title Hexahedral Projections: A Comprehensive Review and Ranking
title_full Hexahedral Projections: A Comprehensive Review and Ranking
title_fullStr Hexahedral Projections: A Comprehensive Review and Ranking
title_full_unstemmed Hexahedral Projections: A Comprehensive Review and Ranking
title_short Hexahedral Projections: A Comprehensive Review and Ranking
title_sort hexahedral projections a comprehensive review and ranking
topic hexahedral projection
spherical cube
distortion
optimization
ranking
url https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/3/122
work_keys_str_mv AT aleksandardimitrijevic hexahedralprojectionsacomprehensivereviewandranking
AT peterstrobl hexahedralprojectionsacomprehensivereviewandranking