Atherosclerotic Risk Factor Prevalence in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease

Background: The risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) is comparable to that of the general population and is driven by traditional ASCVD risk factors. Objectives: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of traditional ASCVD...

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Main Authors: Andreas S. Papazoglou, MD, MSc, Konstantinos G. Kyriakoulis, MD, PhD, Konstantinos Barmpagiannos, MD, Dimitrios V. Moysidis, MD, MSc, Anastasios Kartas, MD, PhD, Maria Chatzi, MD, MSc, Amalia Baroutidou, MD, MSc, Vasileios Kamperidis, MD, PhD, Antonios Ziakas, MD, PhD, Konstantinos Dimopoulos, MD, PhD, George Giannakoulas, MD, PhD
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:JACC: Advances
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772963X24006392
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author Andreas S. Papazoglou, MD, MSc
Konstantinos G. Kyriakoulis, MD, PhD
Konstantinos Barmpagiannos, MD
Dimitrios V. Moysidis, MD, MSc
Anastasios Kartas, MD, PhD
Maria Chatzi, MD, MSc
Amalia Baroutidou, MD, MSc
Vasileios Kamperidis, MD, PhD
Antonios Ziakas, MD, PhD
Konstantinos Dimopoulos, MD, PhD
George Giannakoulas, MD, PhD
author_facet Andreas S. Papazoglou, MD, MSc
Konstantinos G. Kyriakoulis, MD, PhD
Konstantinos Barmpagiannos, MD
Dimitrios V. Moysidis, MD, MSc
Anastasios Kartas, MD, PhD
Maria Chatzi, MD, MSc
Amalia Baroutidou, MD, MSc
Vasileios Kamperidis, MD, PhD
Antonios Ziakas, MD, PhD
Konstantinos Dimopoulos, MD, PhD
George Giannakoulas, MD, PhD
author_sort Andreas S. Papazoglou, MD, MSc
collection DOAJ
description Background: The risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) is comparable to that of the general population and is driven by traditional ASCVD risk factors. Objectives: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of traditional ASCVD risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus [DM], obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity) in ACHD and compare it with the general population. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted up to May 15, 2024, to identify studies (with or without control group) reporting the prevalence of ASCVD risk factors in ACHD. Meta-analyses were conducted to synthesize the prevalence of risk factors and compare it with that of the general population, where applicable. Results: We identified 62 studies (30 controlled) encompassing 110,469 ACHD (mean age 39 years; 52% males, 88% with simple/moderate congenital heart disease complexity). Of these, 54% (45%-63%) reported lack of regular exercise, 33% (26%-40%) had hypertension, 18% (14%-22%) were obese, 17% (11%-25%) had dyslipidemia, 12% (9%-14%) were current smokers, and 7% (5%-9%) had DM. The prevalence of ASCVD risk factors was similar in ACHD and controls, with the exception of DM (higher prevalence in ACHD) and smoking (lower prevalence in ACHD). Significant heterogeneity was observed among the included studies, partially explained by differences in age, congenital heart disease complexity, and the presence of cyanosis. Conclusions: Except for DM and smoking, the prevalence of traditional ASCVD risk factors is similar in ACHD compared to the general population. Further research is needed to determine whether interventions applied in the general population are also effective in ACHD.
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spelling doaj-art-ceb84dd91ee944c0b8c480ad4ccdcbe52025-08-20T02:17:37ZengElsevierJACC: Advances2772-963X2024-11-0131110135910.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101359Atherosclerotic Risk Factor Prevalence in Adults With Congenital Heart DiseaseAndreas S. Papazoglou, MD, MSc0Konstantinos G. Kyriakoulis, MD, PhD1Konstantinos Barmpagiannos, MD2Dimitrios V. Moysidis, MD, MSc3Anastasios Kartas, MD, PhD4Maria Chatzi, MD, MSc5Amalia Baroutidou, MD, MSc6Vasileios Kamperidis, MD, PhD7Antonios Ziakas, MD, PhD8Konstantinos Dimopoulos, MD, PhD9George Giannakoulas, MD, PhD10Athens Naval Hospital, Athens, GreeceNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, GreeceFirst Department of Cardiology, General University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GreeceAthens Naval Hospital, Athens, GreeceFirst Department of Cardiology, General University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GreeceFirst Department of Cardiology, General University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GreeceFirst Department of Cardiology, General University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GreeceAdult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United KingdomFirst Department of Cardiology, General University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; Address for correspondence: Dr George Giannakoulas, First Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece.Background: The risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) is comparable to that of the general population and is driven by traditional ASCVD risk factors. Objectives: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of traditional ASCVD risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus [DM], obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity) in ACHD and compare it with the general population. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted up to May 15, 2024, to identify studies (with or without control group) reporting the prevalence of ASCVD risk factors in ACHD. Meta-analyses were conducted to synthesize the prevalence of risk factors and compare it with that of the general population, where applicable. Results: We identified 62 studies (30 controlled) encompassing 110,469 ACHD (mean age 39 years; 52% males, 88% with simple/moderate congenital heart disease complexity). Of these, 54% (45%-63%) reported lack of regular exercise, 33% (26%-40%) had hypertension, 18% (14%-22%) were obese, 17% (11%-25%) had dyslipidemia, 12% (9%-14%) were current smokers, and 7% (5%-9%) had DM. The prevalence of ASCVD risk factors was similar in ACHD and controls, with the exception of DM (higher prevalence in ACHD) and smoking (lower prevalence in ACHD). Significant heterogeneity was observed among the included studies, partially explained by differences in age, congenital heart disease complexity, and the presence of cyanosis. Conclusions: Except for DM and smoking, the prevalence of traditional ASCVD risk factors is similar in ACHD compared to the general population. Further research is needed to determine whether interventions applied in the general population are also effective in ACHD.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772963X24006392adultsatherosclerosiscongenital heart diseasecardiovascular preventionprevalencetraditional risk factors
spellingShingle Andreas S. Papazoglou, MD, MSc
Konstantinos G. Kyriakoulis, MD, PhD
Konstantinos Barmpagiannos, MD
Dimitrios V. Moysidis, MD, MSc
Anastasios Kartas, MD, PhD
Maria Chatzi, MD, MSc
Amalia Baroutidou, MD, MSc
Vasileios Kamperidis, MD, PhD
Antonios Ziakas, MD, PhD
Konstantinos Dimopoulos, MD, PhD
George Giannakoulas, MD, PhD
Atherosclerotic Risk Factor Prevalence in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
JACC: Advances
adults
atherosclerosis
congenital heart disease
cardiovascular prevention
prevalence
traditional risk factors
title Atherosclerotic Risk Factor Prevalence in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
title_full Atherosclerotic Risk Factor Prevalence in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
title_fullStr Atherosclerotic Risk Factor Prevalence in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
title_full_unstemmed Atherosclerotic Risk Factor Prevalence in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
title_short Atherosclerotic Risk Factor Prevalence in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
title_sort atherosclerotic risk factor prevalence in adults with congenital heart disease
topic adults
atherosclerosis
congenital heart disease
cardiovascular prevention
prevalence
traditional risk factors
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772963X24006392
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