Black hole multi-entropy curves — secret entanglement between Hawking particles

Abstract We investigate the multi-partite entanglement structure of an evaporating black hole and its Hawking radiation by dividing the radiation into finer subsystems. We approximate an evaporating black hole and its radiation with a Haar-random state for this purpose. Using the multi-entropy of th...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Norihiro Iizuka, Simon Lin, Mitsuhiro Nishida
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of High Energy Physics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2025)037
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Summary:Abstract We investigate the multi-partite entanglement structure of an evaporating black hole and its Hawking radiation by dividing the radiation into finer subsystems. We approximate an evaporating black hole and its radiation with a Haar-random state for this purpose. Using the multi-entropy of these configurations, we define a black hole multi-entropy curve, which describes how the multi-entropy changes during the black hole evaporation. This black hole multi-entropy curve is a natural generalization of the Page curve since the multi-entropy reduces to the entanglement entropy for the bi-partite case. The multi-entropy curve keeps increasing in the early time. It reaches the maximum value at the multi-entropy time, which is later than the Page time, and starts to decrease. However, it does not decrease to zero at the end of the black hole evaporation. This non-zero value of the multi-entropy represents the secret entanglement between Hawking particles.
ISSN:1029-8479