Altitude‐Related Variation in Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Contents and Their Stoichiometry of Woody Organs in the Subtropical Mountain Forests, South China

ABSTRACT Altitude‐induced variations in hydrothermal conditions and vegetation affect plant nutrients and induce tradeoffs in survival strategies. However, nutrient allocation to different plant organs along altitudinal gradients remains unclear. Here, 24 plots were established across eight altitudi...

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Main Authors: Chunlin Huo, Zhonghua Zhang, Gang Hu, Yinghua Luo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Ecology and Evolution
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71451
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author Chunlin Huo
Zhonghua Zhang
Gang Hu
Yinghua Luo
author_facet Chunlin Huo
Zhonghua Zhang
Gang Hu
Yinghua Luo
author_sort Chunlin Huo
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Altitude‐induced variations in hydrothermal conditions and vegetation affect plant nutrients and induce tradeoffs in survival strategies. However, nutrient allocation to different plant organs along altitudinal gradients remains unclear. Here, 24 plots were established across eight altitudinal gradients (300, 500, 700, 900, 1100, 1200, 1300, and 1400 m) in subtropical forests on Daming Mountain, South China. We analyzed the altitudinal patterns and factors influencing carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) content and their ratios in the leaves, branches, and roots of woody plants. We found that branches had higher mean C content and C:N and C:P ratios than roots and leaves, leaves had higher N and P content than roots and branches, and roots exhibited a higher mean N:P ratio than the other organs. With increasing altitude, the leaf and branch C, C:N, and leaf C:P increased, whereas the leaf N and P, branch N and N:P, and root N:P decreased. Plant N:P ratios above 16 indicate that plant growth in the study area was mainly restricted by P. The positive correlation between N and P content across plant organs suggests synergistic absorption of these nutrients by plants. These results demonstrate that soil nutrients and stoichiometry directly influenced C, N, and P stoichiometry among different organs and that the soil C:P ratio was a common impact factor for these organs. These findings may elucidate the nutrient allocation patterns and adaptive strategies of plants in subtropical mountains and provide a foundation for forest management and restoration.
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spelling doaj-art-ce9f1b1d524c4255a24b4048fc58339c2025-08-20T03:33:31ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582025-06-01156n/an/a10.1002/ece3.71451Altitude‐Related Variation in Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Contents and Their Stoichiometry of Woody Organs in the Subtropical Mountain Forests, South ChinaChunlin Huo0Zhonghua Zhang1Gang Hu2Yinghua Luo3Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry Guangxi University Nanning ChinaKey Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education Nanning Normal University Nanning ChinaKey Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education Nanning Normal University Nanning ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry Guangxi University Nanning ChinaABSTRACT Altitude‐induced variations in hydrothermal conditions and vegetation affect plant nutrients and induce tradeoffs in survival strategies. However, nutrient allocation to different plant organs along altitudinal gradients remains unclear. Here, 24 plots were established across eight altitudinal gradients (300, 500, 700, 900, 1100, 1200, 1300, and 1400 m) in subtropical forests on Daming Mountain, South China. We analyzed the altitudinal patterns and factors influencing carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) content and their ratios in the leaves, branches, and roots of woody plants. We found that branches had higher mean C content and C:N and C:P ratios than roots and leaves, leaves had higher N and P content than roots and branches, and roots exhibited a higher mean N:P ratio than the other organs. With increasing altitude, the leaf and branch C, C:N, and leaf C:P increased, whereas the leaf N and P, branch N and N:P, and root N:P decreased. Plant N:P ratios above 16 indicate that plant growth in the study area was mainly restricted by P. The positive correlation between N and P content across plant organs suggests synergistic absorption of these nutrients by plants. These results demonstrate that soil nutrients and stoichiometry directly influenced C, N, and P stoichiometry among different organs and that the soil C:P ratio was a common impact factor for these organs. These findings may elucidate the nutrient allocation patterns and adaptive strategies of plants in subtropical mountains and provide a foundation for forest management and restoration.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71451altitudeDaming Mountainecological stoichiometryphosphorus limitationplant organs
spellingShingle Chunlin Huo
Zhonghua Zhang
Gang Hu
Yinghua Luo
Altitude‐Related Variation in Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Contents and Their Stoichiometry of Woody Organs in the Subtropical Mountain Forests, South China
Ecology and Evolution
altitude
Daming Mountain
ecological stoichiometry
phosphorus limitation
plant organs
title Altitude‐Related Variation in Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Contents and Their Stoichiometry of Woody Organs in the Subtropical Mountain Forests, South China
title_full Altitude‐Related Variation in Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Contents and Their Stoichiometry of Woody Organs in the Subtropical Mountain Forests, South China
title_fullStr Altitude‐Related Variation in Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Contents and Their Stoichiometry of Woody Organs in the Subtropical Mountain Forests, South China
title_full_unstemmed Altitude‐Related Variation in Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Contents and Their Stoichiometry of Woody Organs in the Subtropical Mountain Forests, South China
title_short Altitude‐Related Variation in Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Contents and Their Stoichiometry of Woody Organs in the Subtropical Mountain Forests, South China
title_sort altitude related variation in carbon nitrogen and phosphorus contents and their stoichiometry of woody organs in the subtropical mountain forests south china
topic altitude
Daming Mountain
ecological stoichiometry
phosphorus limitation
plant organs
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71451
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