Volatile dimethyl disulphide emission from Burkholderia cepacia LS-044 suppresses metabolism and budding in caspofungin-resistant Nakaseomyces glabratus NT2

Abstract Some bacteria emit dimethyl disulphide (DMDS), one of the bioactive volatile sulphurous compounds (VSCs) of environmental and ecological significance, yet unexplored in combating drug-resistant yeasts. Here, we show the anti-budding and fungicidal activity of volatile DMDS emitted from Burk...

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Main Authors: Nishmat Abdul Kadar Rahmath, Shih-Yao Lin, Chiu-Chung Young, Asif Hameed
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05383-5
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author Nishmat Abdul Kadar Rahmath
Shih-Yao Lin
Chiu-Chung Young
Asif Hameed
author_facet Nishmat Abdul Kadar Rahmath
Shih-Yao Lin
Chiu-Chung Young
Asif Hameed
author_sort Nishmat Abdul Kadar Rahmath
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Some bacteria emit dimethyl disulphide (DMDS), one of the bioactive volatile sulphurous compounds (VSCs) of environmental and ecological significance, yet unexplored in combating drug-resistant yeasts. Here, we show the anti-budding and fungicidal activity of volatile DMDS emitted from Burkholderia cepacia LS-044 on the caspofungin-resistant yeast Nakaseomyces glabratus NT2. We identified a gene encoding L-methionine-γ-lyase (mdeA) catalysing DMDS formation in LS-044 and detected volatile DMDS as one of the VSCs (12% peak area) emitted by LS-044 through solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry. Exposure to volatiles of LS-044 resulted in a significant decline in metabolism (~ 98%), media alkalinity (~ 26%), and viable cell count (52‒95%) of NT2. Confocal microscopy of carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester- and calcofluor white stained cells revealed significantly high mean fluorescence in NT2 exposed to the volatiles of LS-044 (~ fivefold) and standard DMDS vapour (1.7-fold), suggesting a significant thickening of the cell wall. The surface area-to-volume ratio decreased significantly in NT2 cells exposed to volatiles of LS-044 and DMDS versus unexposed NT cells (6.5‒10.2 vs. 8.3‒13.2). DMDS exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.5% (v/v) on NT2 cells in liquid broth dilution assay, and displayed fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.95 with commercial antifungal clotrimazole reflecting lack of synergy or antagonism during the present combination therapy. The 26S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogeny revealed a tight phylogenetic association between NT2 and N. glabratus of environmental and clinical origins. Our study provided novel mechanistic insights into DMDS-driven bacterial antagonism on drug-resistant budding yeast N. glabratus NT2 that could be exploited in the ecological engineering and therapeutics of drug-resistant fungal infection.
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spelling doaj-art-ce8ababc6f3f4bcb80d11ede016101642025-08-20T03:45:27ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-05383-5Volatile dimethyl disulphide emission from Burkholderia cepacia LS-044 suppresses metabolism and budding in caspofungin-resistant Nakaseomyces glabratus NT2Nishmat Abdul Kadar Rahmath0Shih-Yao Lin1Chiu-Chung Young2Asif Hameed3Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University)Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural, Resources, National Chung Hsing UniversityDepartment of Soil & Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural, Resources, National Chung Hsing UniversityDivision of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University)Abstract Some bacteria emit dimethyl disulphide (DMDS), one of the bioactive volatile sulphurous compounds (VSCs) of environmental and ecological significance, yet unexplored in combating drug-resistant yeasts. Here, we show the anti-budding and fungicidal activity of volatile DMDS emitted from Burkholderia cepacia LS-044 on the caspofungin-resistant yeast Nakaseomyces glabratus NT2. We identified a gene encoding L-methionine-γ-lyase (mdeA) catalysing DMDS formation in LS-044 and detected volatile DMDS as one of the VSCs (12% peak area) emitted by LS-044 through solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry. Exposure to volatiles of LS-044 resulted in a significant decline in metabolism (~ 98%), media alkalinity (~ 26%), and viable cell count (52‒95%) of NT2. Confocal microscopy of carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester- and calcofluor white stained cells revealed significantly high mean fluorescence in NT2 exposed to the volatiles of LS-044 (~ fivefold) and standard DMDS vapour (1.7-fold), suggesting a significant thickening of the cell wall. The surface area-to-volume ratio decreased significantly in NT2 cells exposed to volatiles of LS-044 and DMDS versus unexposed NT cells (6.5‒10.2 vs. 8.3‒13.2). DMDS exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.5% (v/v) on NT2 cells in liquid broth dilution assay, and displayed fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.95 with commercial antifungal clotrimazole reflecting lack of synergy or antagonism during the present combination therapy. The 26S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogeny revealed a tight phylogenetic association between NT2 and N. glabratus of environmental and clinical origins. Our study provided novel mechanistic insights into DMDS-driven bacterial antagonism on drug-resistant budding yeast N. glabratus NT2 that could be exploited in the ecological engineering and therapeutics of drug-resistant fungal infection.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05383-5Candida glabrataVolatilomeVolatile sulphurous compounds (VSCs)FungicideAntagonismVolatile organic compounds (VOCs)
spellingShingle Nishmat Abdul Kadar Rahmath
Shih-Yao Lin
Chiu-Chung Young
Asif Hameed
Volatile dimethyl disulphide emission from Burkholderia cepacia LS-044 suppresses metabolism and budding in caspofungin-resistant Nakaseomyces glabratus NT2
Scientific Reports
Candida glabrata
Volatilome
Volatile sulphurous compounds (VSCs)
Fungicide
Antagonism
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
title Volatile dimethyl disulphide emission from Burkholderia cepacia LS-044 suppresses metabolism and budding in caspofungin-resistant Nakaseomyces glabratus NT2
title_full Volatile dimethyl disulphide emission from Burkholderia cepacia LS-044 suppresses metabolism and budding in caspofungin-resistant Nakaseomyces glabratus NT2
title_fullStr Volatile dimethyl disulphide emission from Burkholderia cepacia LS-044 suppresses metabolism and budding in caspofungin-resistant Nakaseomyces glabratus NT2
title_full_unstemmed Volatile dimethyl disulphide emission from Burkholderia cepacia LS-044 suppresses metabolism and budding in caspofungin-resistant Nakaseomyces glabratus NT2
title_short Volatile dimethyl disulphide emission from Burkholderia cepacia LS-044 suppresses metabolism and budding in caspofungin-resistant Nakaseomyces glabratus NT2
title_sort volatile dimethyl disulphide emission from burkholderia cepacia ls 044 suppresses metabolism and budding in caspofungin resistant nakaseomyces glabratus nt2
topic Candida glabrata
Volatilome
Volatile sulphurous compounds (VSCs)
Fungicide
Antagonism
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05383-5
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