Barium-Impregnated Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> for Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange
In this study, we highlight the use of the alkaline earth metal barium (Ba) for the impregnation of Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> (AgP). AgP was synthesized via co-precipitation and subsequently impregnated with a Ba<sup>2</sup>⁺-containing solution, followed by hy...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Habiba Khiar Fatima Zahra Janani M’hamed Sadiq Ghadah M. Al-Senani Salhah D. Al-Qahtani Noureddine Barka |
| author_facet | Habiba Khiar Fatima Zahra Janani M’hamed Sadiq Ghadah M. Al-Senani Salhah D. Al-Qahtani Noureddine Barka |
| author_sort | Habiba Khiar |
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| description | In this study, we highlight the use of the alkaline earth metal barium (Ba) for the impregnation of Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> (AgP). AgP was synthesized via co-precipitation and subsequently impregnated with a Ba<sup>2</sup>⁺-containing solution, followed by hydrothermal treatment to obtain Ba-AgP. The addition of barium significantly influenced both the crystallinity and crystallite size. Ba impregnation enhanced the crystallinity of AgP and promoted the growth of its crystallites. It was confirmed that Ba<sup>2</sup>⁺ was homogeneously distributed on the surface of AgP, with only a slight effect on particle shape. Ba-impregnated Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> (Ba-AgP) exhibited improved photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light compared to bare AgP. The optimal impregnation concentration of Ba<sup>2</sup>⁺ was determined to be 6%. This enhancement is attributed to the role of Ba<sup>2+</sup> in facilitating the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, which also contributed to the improved stability of AgP. The active species h<sup>+</sup>, ·OH, and O<sub>2</sub>·<sup>−</sup> were all identified as essential for the MO degradation process, with h<sup>+</sup> being the most significant contributor. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ce6cd1eecb084d15b1351c49ef0d9639 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2571-6131 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| series | Ceramics |
| spelling | doaj-art-ce6cd1eecb084d15b1351c49ef0d96392025-08-20T03:27:00ZengMDPI AGCeramics2571-61312025-04-01824410.3390/ceramics8020044Barium-Impregnated Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> for Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl OrangeHabiba Khiar0Fatima Zahra Janani1M’hamed Sadiq2Ghadah M. Al-Senani3Salhah D. Al-Qahtani4Noureddine Barka5Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Laboratory, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, FP Khouribga, BP 145, Khouribga 2500, MoroccoMultidisciplinary Research and Innovation Laboratory, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, FP Khouribga, BP 145, Khouribga 2500, MoroccoMultidisciplinary Research and Innovation Laboratory, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, FP Khouribga, BP 145, Khouribga 2500, MoroccoDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaMultidisciplinary Research and Innovation Laboratory, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, FP Khouribga, BP 145, Khouribga 2500, MoroccoIn this study, we highlight the use of the alkaline earth metal barium (Ba) for the impregnation of Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> (AgP). AgP was synthesized via co-precipitation and subsequently impregnated with a Ba<sup>2</sup>⁺-containing solution, followed by hydrothermal treatment to obtain Ba-AgP. The addition of barium significantly influenced both the crystallinity and crystallite size. Ba impregnation enhanced the crystallinity of AgP and promoted the growth of its crystallites. It was confirmed that Ba<sup>2</sup>⁺ was homogeneously distributed on the surface of AgP, with only a slight effect on particle shape. Ba-impregnated Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> (Ba-AgP) exhibited improved photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light compared to bare AgP. The optimal impregnation concentration of Ba<sup>2</sup>⁺ was determined to be 6%. This enhancement is attributed to the role of Ba<sup>2+</sup> in facilitating the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, which also contributed to the improved stability of AgP. The active species h<sup>+</sup>, ·OH, and O<sub>2</sub>·<sup>−</sup> were all identified as essential for the MO degradation process, with h<sup>+</sup> being the most significant contributor.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/8/2/44alkaline earth metalsAg<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>visible light photocatalysisdyes remediation |
| spellingShingle | Habiba Khiar Fatima Zahra Janani M’hamed Sadiq Ghadah M. Al-Senani Salhah D. Al-Qahtani Noureddine Barka Barium-Impregnated Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> for Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange Ceramics alkaline earth metals Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> visible light photocatalysis dyes remediation |
| title | Barium-Impregnated Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> for Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange |
| title_full | Barium-Impregnated Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> for Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange |
| title_fullStr | Barium-Impregnated Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> for Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange |
| title_full_unstemmed | Barium-Impregnated Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> for Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange |
| title_short | Barium-Impregnated Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> for Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange |
| title_sort | barium impregnated ag sub 3 sub po sub 4 sub for enhanced visible light photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange |
| topic | alkaline earth metals Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> visible light photocatalysis dyes remediation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/8/2/44 |
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