Glyphosate Biodegradation by Airborne Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria: Influence on Soil Microbiome Dynamics
Due to its persistence, glyphosate contamination in soil poses environmental and health risks. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) offer a potential solution for mitigating glyphosate pollution. This study assessed the glyphosate degradation capacity of three airborne PGPB isolates (<i>Exig...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/4/362 |
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| Summary: | Due to its persistence, glyphosate contamination in soil poses environmental and health risks. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) offer a potential solution for mitigating glyphosate pollution. This study assessed the glyphosate degradation capacity of three airborne PGPB isolates (<i>Exiguobacterium indicum</i> AS03, <i>Kocuria sediminis</i> AS04, and <i>Rhodococcus rhodochrous</i> AS33) individually and in a consortium (CS) compared to natural attenuation in microcosms as the control (CTL), where soil autochthonous microorganisms (MS) were present. AS03 exhibited the highest glyphosate degradation (86.3%), followed by AS04 and AS33 at 14 days (61.6% and 64.7%). The consortium accelerated glyphosate removal, reaching 99.7%, while the control treatment removal was 94% at 60 days. Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is the main metabolite in glyphosate degradation, and it had a maximum peak in concentration at 28 days in the CS + MS (1072 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and CTL (990 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) treatments. Subsequently, a decrease in AMPA concentration was observed at 60 days up to 349 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> and 390 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. These results suggested that soil autochthonous microorganisms and their interactions with a consortium have similar biotransformation of glyphosate, but the AMPA conversion to other intermedium metabolites through degradation was slow. A minimum AMPA concentration of 15–45 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> over time was detected with the consortium. The microbiome analysis revealed shifts in microbial composition, with an increase in glyphosate-degrading genera like <i>Psychrobacter</i> and <i>Lyzobacter</i>. These changes enhance soil resilience and fertility, demonstrating the potential of airborne PGPB for bioremediation and environmental sustainability. |
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| ISSN: | 2077-0472 |