Effect of laser spot diameter on the processing and microstructural properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy formed by selective laser melting

AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy (EHEA) was fabricated using the selective laser melting (SLM) method. Optimal printing parameters were determined for laser spot diameters of 50 μm, 70 μm, and 85 μm. This study investigates the formation defects, microstructural variations, and high-tempera...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Gang Wang, Xiangyu Xu, Ren Yuan, Xuteng Lv
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425018861
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850062471887323136
author Gang Wang
Xiangyu Xu
Ren Yuan
Xuteng Lv
author_facet Gang Wang
Xiangyu Xu
Ren Yuan
Xuteng Lv
author_sort Gang Wang
collection DOAJ
description AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy (EHEA) was fabricated using the selective laser melting (SLM) method. Optimal printing parameters were determined for laser spot diameters of 50 μm, 70 μm, and 85 μm. This study investigates the formation defects, microstructural variations, and high-temperature mechanical behavior of EHEA under different spot diameters. The results show that increasing the spot diameter reduces the occurrence of lack of fusion, cracking, and spatter, thereby significantly expanding the process window. At a spot diameter of 85 μm, the sample achieved a maximum relative density of 99.8 %. Changes in melt pool energy distribution caused by different spot sizes influenced the microstructure in multiple ways. As the spot diameter increased, the fraction of face-centered cubic (FCC) phases decreased, grain size increased, and recrystallization was enhanced, leading to variations in grain boundary characteristics, Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) values, and texture. Benefiting from reduced defects and higher density, the 85 μm sample exhibited the highest average tensile strength of 1564 MPa and an elongation of 13.1 %. Furthermore, its tensile strength at 300 °C exceeded that at room temperature. This study offers insight into the variability of optimal Volumetric Energy Density (VED) values reported in the literature and provides useful guidance for processing AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEA, while the mechanical performance results establish a basis for its potential high-temperature applications.
format Article
id doaj-art-ce60bc3bbbc14cd5b939fcc9e98759d9
institution DOAJ
issn 2238-7854
language English
publishDate 2025-09-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Journal of Materials Research and Technology
spelling doaj-art-ce60bc3bbbc14cd5b939fcc9e98759d92025-08-20T02:49:55ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-09-01381070108210.1016/j.jmrt.2025.07.228Effect of laser spot diameter on the processing and microstructural properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy formed by selective laser meltingGang Wang0Xiangyu Xu1Ren Yuan2Xuteng Lv3Harbin Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Herbin, 150001, ChinaCorresponding author.; Harbin Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Herbin, 150001, ChinaHarbin Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Herbin, 150001, ChinaHarbin Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Herbin, 150001, ChinaAlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy (EHEA) was fabricated using the selective laser melting (SLM) method. Optimal printing parameters were determined for laser spot diameters of 50 μm, 70 μm, and 85 μm. This study investigates the formation defects, microstructural variations, and high-temperature mechanical behavior of EHEA under different spot diameters. The results show that increasing the spot diameter reduces the occurrence of lack of fusion, cracking, and spatter, thereby significantly expanding the process window. At a spot diameter of 85 μm, the sample achieved a maximum relative density of 99.8 %. Changes in melt pool energy distribution caused by different spot sizes influenced the microstructure in multiple ways. As the spot diameter increased, the fraction of face-centered cubic (FCC) phases decreased, grain size increased, and recrystallization was enhanced, leading to variations in grain boundary characteristics, Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) values, and texture. Benefiting from reduced defects and higher density, the 85 μm sample exhibited the highest average tensile strength of 1564 MPa and an elongation of 13.1 %. Furthermore, its tensile strength at 300 °C exceeded that at room temperature. This study offers insight into the variability of optimal Volumetric Energy Density (VED) values reported in the literature and provides useful guidance for processing AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEA, while the mechanical performance results establish a basis for its potential high-temperature applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425018861AlCoCrFeNi2.1Spot diameterSLM processMicrostructureHigh-temperature properties
spellingShingle Gang Wang
Xiangyu Xu
Ren Yuan
Xuteng Lv
Effect of laser spot diameter on the processing and microstructural properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy formed by selective laser melting
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
AlCoCrFeNi2.1
Spot diameter
SLM process
Microstructure
High-temperature properties
title Effect of laser spot diameter on the processing and microstructural properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy formed by selective laser melting
title_full Effect of laser spot diameter on the processing and microstructural properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy formed by selective laser melting
title_fullStr Effect of laser spot diameter on the processing and microstructural properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy formed by selective laser melting
title_full_unstemmed Effect of laser spot diameter on the processing and microstructural properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy formed by selective laser melting
title_short Effect of laser spot diameter on the processing and microstructural properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy formed by selective laser melting
title_sort effect of laser spot diameter on the processing and microstructural properties of alcocrfeni2 1 eutectic high entropy alloy formed by selective laser melting
topic AlCoCrFeNi2.1
Spot diameter
SLM process
Microstructure
High-temperature properties
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425018861
work_keys_str_mv AT gangwang effectoflaserspotdiameterontheprocessingandmicrostructuralpropertiesofalcocrfeni21eutectichighentropyalloyformedbyselectivelasermelting
AT xiangyuxu effectoflaserspotdiameterontheprocessingandmicrostructuralpropertiesofalcocrfeni21eutectichighentropyalloyformedbyselectivelasermelting
AT renyuan effectoflaserspotdiameterontheprocessingandmicrostructuralpropertiesofalcocrfeni21eutectichighentropyalloyformedbyselectivelasermelting
AT xutenglv effectoflaserspotdiameterontheprocessingandmicrostructuralpropertiesofalcocrfeni21eutectichighentropyalloyformedbyselectivelasermelting