Effective adsorptive removal of triclosan from water using bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads

IntroductionTriclosan is a common antibacterial drug identified as a major contaminant in South African waters, notably in Gauteng and KwaZulu Natal provinces. This contaminant comes from personal care products and pharmaceuticals. It has been frequently detected in local streams and wastewater trea...

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Main Authors: Vuyo Moses Mollo, Mthokozisi Mnguni, Diseko Boikanyo, Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo, James Ramontja
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Chemistry
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1547169/full
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author Vuyo Moses Mollo
Vuyo Moses Mollo
Mthokozisi Mnguni
Mthokozisi Mnguni
Diseko Boikanyo
Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo
Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo
James Ramontja
author_facet Vuyo Moses Mollo
Vuyo Moses Mollo
Mthokozisi Mnguni
Mthokozisi Mnguni
Diseko Boikanyo
Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo
Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo
James Ramontja
author_sort Vuyo Moses Mollo
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionTriclosan is a common antibacterial drug identified as a major contaminant in South African waters, notably in Gauteng and KwaZulu Natal provinces. This contaminant comes from personal care products and pharmaceuticals. It has been frequently detected in local streams and wastewater treatment plants, posing a threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Studies have emphasised the necessity of addressing the presence of triclosan in water bodies to lessen its harmful impacts on the environment.MethodsIn this study, NaAlg/MnSx bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads incorporated with different amounts of MnS NPs (0.02–0.2 g) were synthesised via the ionic gelation method and employed as an adsorbent for the removal of triclosan from aqueous solutions. The surface charge, morphology, thermal stability, crystallinity, and functional groups of NaAlg/MnS bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads were characterised by SEM equipped with EDX, TEM, Thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR, XRD, and zeta sizer (mV).Results and discussionsThe experimental results demonstrated that incorporating 0.02–0.2 g of MnS NPs in the bio-nanocomposite hydrogels led to enhanced mechanical structure, porosity, and swelling ability for the adsorption of triclosan compared to pristine NaAlg hydrogel. The response surface methodology was used to optimise the experimental parameters affecting the batch adsorption of triclosan onto the surface of the adsorbent. Basic pH conditions were suitable for removing triclosan in aqueous solutions via hydrogen bonding with the carboxyl functional groups of the bio-nanocomposite beads. The pseudo-second order, Freundlich, and Sips models better explained the adsorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherm data. The maximum adsorption capacity estimated using the Langmuir isotherm model was 132 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy (∆H) and entropy (∆S)) were found to be 44.042 kJ/mol and 207.018 J/Kmol, respectively, which means the reaction is endothermic and increases randomisation at the solid/liquid interface. The Gibbs free energy (∆G) was negative throughout the studied temperature range, indicating that the adsorption process was spontaneously and energetically favoured.
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spelling doaj-art-ce55f2beb74b42238f087a9cb8e9f1d92025-08-20T03:06:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Chemistry2296-26462025-04-011310.3389/fchem.2025.15471691547169Effective adsorptive removal of triclosan from water using bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beadsVuyo Moses Mollo0Vuyo Moses Mollo1Mthokozisi Mnguni2Mthokozisi Mnguni3Diseko Boikanyo4Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo5Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo6James Ramontja7Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South AfricaDepartment of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative (DSI-NRF SARChI) in Nanotechnology for Water, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South AfricaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South AfricaDepartment of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative (DSI-NRF SARChI) in Nanotechnology for Water, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South AfricaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South AfricaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South AfricaDepartment of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative (DSI-NRF SARChI) in Nanotechnology for Water, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South AfricaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South AfricaIntroductionTriclosan is a common antibacterial drug identified as a major contaminant in South African waters, notably in Gauteng and KwaZulu Natal provinces. This contaminant comes from personal care products and pharmaceuticals. It has been frequently detected in local streams and wastewater treatment plants, posing a threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Studies have emphasised the necessity of addressing the presence of triclosan in water bodies to lessen its harmful impacts on the environment.MethodsIn this study, NaAlg/MnSx bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads incorporated with different amounts of MnS NPs (0.02–0.2 g) were synthesised via the ionic gelation method and employed as an adsorbent for the removal of triclosan from aqueous solutions. The surface charge, morphology, thermal stability, crystallinity, and functional groups of NaAlg/MnS bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads were characterised by SEM equipped with EDX, TEM, Thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR, XRD, and zeta sizer (mV).Results and discussionsThe experimental results demonstrated that incorporating 0.02–0.2 g of MnS NPs in the bio-nanocomposite hydrogels led to enhanced mechanical structure, porosity, and swelling ability for the adsorption of triclosan compared to pristine NaAlg hydrogel. The response surface methodology was used to optimise the experimental parameters affecting the batch adsorption of triclosan onto the surface of the adsorbent. Basic pH conditions were suitable for removing triclosan in aqueous solutions via hydrogen bonding with the carboxyl functional groups of the bio-nanocomposite beads. The pseudo-second order, Freundlich, and Sips models better explained the adsorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherm data. The maximum adsorption capacity estimated using the Langmuir isotherm model was 132 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy (∆H) and entropy (∆S)) were found to be 44.042 kJ/mol and 207.018 J/Kmol, respectively, which means the reaction is endothermic and increases randomisation at the solid/liquid interface. The Gibbs free energy (∆G) was negative throughout the studied temperature range, indicating that the adsorption process was spontaneously and energetically favoured.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1547169/fullTriclosansodium alginatemanganese sulphidebio-nanocomposite hydrogelsadsorption removal efficiencycentral composite design
spellingShingle Vuyo Moses Mollo
Vuyo Moses Mollo
Mthokozisi Mnguni
Mthokozisi Mnguni
Diseko Boikanyo
Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo
Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo
James Ramontja
Effective adsorptive removal of triclosan from water using bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads
Frontiers in Chemistry
Triclosan
sodium alginate
manganese sulphide
bio-nanocomposite hydrogels
adsorption removal efficiency
central composite design
title Effective adsorptive removal of triclosan from water using bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads
title_full Effective adsorptive removal of triclosan from water using bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads
title_fullStr Effective adsorptive removal of triclosan from water using bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads
title_full_unstemmed Effective adsorptive removal of triclosan from water using bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads
title_short Effective adsorptive removal of triclosan from water using bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads
title_sort effective adsorptive removal of triclosan from water using bio nanocomposite hydrogel beads
topic Triclosan
sodium alginate
manganese sulphide
bio-nanocomposite hydrogels
adsorption removal efficiency
central composite design
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1547169/full
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